Aagje Pronk

2-25-1921 | Den Helder , Nederland
5-19-2006 | Heerhugowaard , Nederland

Anne Frank mentions Aagje Pronk in her diary because she married a former Opekta employee in early 1944.

Aagje Pronk^[1] came to Amsterdam from Heiloo in November 1942 ^[2] and married former Opekta employee Henk van Beusekom on 9 March 1944.^[3] The ceremony was held in the Westerkerk and Miep Gies was present. The marriage was dissolved on 7 September 1949.^[2]

Source personal data.^[2] Addresses: 1e Jan van der Heijdenstraat 106 II, Amsterdam (9 November 1942); Ferdinand Bolstraat 81 I (27 December 1943).^[2]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Referred to by Anne as Aagje. Anne Frank, 10 March 1944, in: Anne Frank, The Collected Works; transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty. - London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.
2. ^{a, b, c, d} Centraal Bureau voor Genealogie, Den Haag, Centraal archief van overledenen, Persoonskaart A. Pronk.
3. ^{^} Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart J.H.G. van Beusekom sr. (16 juli 1883).

Ab Cauvern

4-4-1909 | Amsterdam , Nederland
6-15-1986 | Hilversum , Amsterdam

Ab Cauvern was an acquaintance of Otto Frank, who was involved in the creation of the typescript of the diary of Anne Frank.

Husband of Isa Monas and acquaintance of Otto Frank. He married Isa Monas in Amsterdam on 17 May 1939. On 27 September 1941 their daughter Ruth was born.^[1]  The marriage to Isa Monas was dissolved on 6 April 1943, but they continued to live at the same address.

After the war Otto Frank gave Anne's diary, which he had edited and typed out on the basis of the manuscript, to Cauvern for revision and correction. The latter thus produced "Typescript I". ^[2] In Otto Frank's naturalisation file, Cauvern is mentioned as one of his social contacts.^[3] Office clerk at Nederlandsche Radio Omroep, bookkeeper at VARA, later head of radio plays at VARA.^[4]

On 19 July 1962 he married Gerry Hendrika van Bockel in Nijmegen.^[5]

Source personal data.^[6] Addresses: Johannes Geradtsweg 57, Hilversum (’30); Oude Kerkweg 25, Laren (’39), Jekerstraat 65 II, Amsterdam (’46); Van Linschotenlaan 24, Hilversum (’53).^[5]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaarten A. Cauvern en I. Monas. Anne included the card announcing the baby's birth in her diary. Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 28 September 1942, in: Anne Frank, The Diary of Anne Frank: the revised critical edition, prep. by the Netherlands Institute for War Documentation (NIOD);  transl. by Arnold J. Pomerans, B.M. Mooyaaert-Doubleday and Susan Massotty, New York, NY [etc.] Doubleday, 2003.
2. ^{^} NIOD, The Diary of Anne Frank.
3. ^{^} Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, Ministerie van Justitie, Verbaalarchief, 1915-1955; Kabinetsarchief, 1915-1940, nummer toegang 2.09.22, inv. nr. 13402. volgnr. 2234: Staat van inlichtingen bij naturalisatie, 25 februari 1948, vraag 19.
4. ^{^} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart A. Cauvern.
5. ^{a, b} Centraal Bureau voor Genealogie (CBG), Den Haag, Kopie persoonskaart A. Cauvern.
6. ^{^} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart A. Cauvern; CBG, Kopie persoonskaart A. Cauvern.

Abraham Holländer

1860-10-27 | Eschweiler , Duitsland
1-19-1927 | Aken , Duitsland

Abraham Holländer was the father of Edith Holländer and grandfather of Anne and Margot Frank.

Abraham Holländer was a son of Benjamin Holländer and Sara Bertha Menken. He married Rosalie Stern on 18 July 1893 in Bad Schwalbach. The marriage produced four children, Julius (1894), Walter (1897), Bettina (1898) and Edith (1900). Bettina died in 1914.

Holländer was co-owner of the company B. Holländer. In this capacity, he founded the Waggonfabrik Heine & Holländer in Elze near Hanover with Karl Heine in 1914.^[1] The B. Holländer company initially traded in waste paper, rags and scrap metal, but grew to become a manufacturer and fitter of technical and industrial machinery.

Abraham Holländer died after Margot's birth, but before Anne's. He therefore only knew his eldest grandchild.

Source of personal data.^[2] Addresses: Eschweiler; Heinrichsallee 50, Aachen;^[3] Liebfrauenstrasse 5.^[4]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Werner Beermann, Die Elzer Waggon. Die Geschichte der Fabrik von Heine und Holländer bis Waggonbau Graaff/VTG, Elze: Heimat- und Geschichtsverein Elze und Seiner Ortsteile, 2009, p. 189, 19.
2. ^{^} Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart Rosalie Sara Stern (1866).
3. ^{^} Standesamt Aachen I, Geburterbuch, register A II nr. 211: Geburtsurkunde Edith Holländer.
4. ^{^} E-mail Angela Pauel (Stadtarchiv Aachen) aan Gertjan Broek (Anne Frank Stichting), 6 oktober 2009. Hieruit blijkt dat de adresboeken in het Stadtarchiv pas vanaf 1912 een privéadres van Abraham Holländer vermeldden. Het is onbekend of het gezin voor 1912 bij het bedrijf woonde.

Abraham Horodisch

1898-02-03 | Lodz , Polen
11-7-1987 | Amstelveen , Nederland

Horodisch was a bookseller, publisher, author and also a business associate of Johannes Kleiman.

Abraham Horodisch was a publisher and author. He came from a banking family and studied economics in Berlin and Frankfurt am Main. He was a collector of books, with a particular interest in tyopgraphy. In 1920, he founded a bibliophilic publishing house in Berlin.^[1]

Between 1924 and 1932, a Horodisch office was established in Amsterdam. For the first three months, Johannes Kleiman was its proxy-holder, with postal and banking authority.^[2]

When Horodisch settled in the Netherlands in 1933, he founded 'Erasmus Antiquariaat en Boekhandel'. In July '42 he fled to Switzerland and stayed in a refugee camp until the end of '45. When he returned to Amsterdam he breathed new life into his business.^[1]  

Horodian was also active as an author, and wrote, among other things, De legende van rabbi Elia den Eenvoudige ('The Legend of Rabbi Elijah the Simple'). In 1949, he became a naturalised Dutchman.^[3] In 1985 he received an honorary doctorate from the University of Amsterdam.^[4]

Source personal data.^[5] Addresses: Roompotstraat 15 II, Amsterdam (1933-1942); Rijnstraat 98 ('55-'87).^[5]

Footnotes

1. ^{a, b} Zie http://www.ilab.org/eng/booksellers_main_page/Booksellers_in_Exile/Abraham_Horodisch.html (geraadlpeegd mei 2014).
2. ^{^} Noord-Hollands Archief, Haarlem, Handelsregister Amsterdam, Kamer van Koophandel & Fabrieken, toegang 448, inv. nr. niet bekend, dossiernr. 21838.
3. ^{^} Verslag der Handelingen van de Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal, 1948-1949, p. 1331.
4. ^{^} Zie http://www.uva.nl/onderzoek/onderzoek-aan-de-uva/hoogleraren/eredoctoraten/eredoctoraten-1981-2000.html (geraadpleegd augustus 2015).
5. ^{a, b} Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart A. Horodisch.

Albert Gomes de Mesquita

3-15-1930 | Amsterdam , Nederland
8-28-2020 | Unkown Death Place , Unkown Death Country

Albert Gomes de Mesquita was a classmate of Anne Frank at the Sixth Montessori School and the Jewish Lyceum..

Albert Gomes de Mesquita attended the Sixth Montessori School, just like Anne.^[1] The original plan was for him to then move to the Montessori Lyceum.^[2] During the war years, he was in hiding for some time with Miss Südfelt, a teacher at the Sixth Montessori School.^[3] Around 2007, he wrote an extensive account of his time in hiding, but this has not been published.

Source personal data.^[4] Addresses: Zoomstraat 21, Amsterdam.^[5]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Anne wrote: "... he is really smart". Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 16 June 1942, in: The Collected Works, transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.
2. ^{^} Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie, reg. code A_Montessori_I_002: Inschrijfboek Zesde Montessorischool 1932-1959.
3. ^{^} AFS, Getuigenarchief, Gomes de Mesquita: Gesprek met Dineke Stam, 3 juni 1997.
4. ^{^} Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart S. Gomes de Mesquita; https://www.geni.com/people/Albert-Gomes-de-Mesquita/6000000023910857009.
5. ^{^} NIOD Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust en Genocidestudies, Amsterdam, Archief 181e (W.S.H. Elte), inv. nr. 2f: Absentenregister klas 1LII Joods Lyceum, 1 maart – 17 juli 1942.

Albert Lewkowitz

1883-04-06 | Georgenberg , Duitsland
11-10-1954 | Haifa , Israël

Albert Lewkowitz was a neighbour of the Frank family.

Albert Lewkowitz studied in Breslau and Leipzig. From 1914 to 1916 he was a 'Feldrabbiner' with the German army. He married Hildegard Bloch in Breslau on 4 March 1917.^[1] He taught at the Jüdisch-Theologischen Seminar in Breslau until it closed in November 1938. He was a teacher of philosophy at the Jewish Council. In 1943, he was deported via Westerbork to Bergen-Belsen.^[2]

On 24 October 1939, he held a lecture on 'Jüdische Weltanschauung und der Wille zur Macht' at the Stichting tot gezamenlijke Culturele en Sociale Arbeid van Nederlandse en Duitse Joden ('Foundation for Joint Cultural and Social Work of Dutch and German Jews') at Oosteinde 16.^[3] On 4 May 1940, he was deprived of his 'deutschen Staatsangehörigkeit'.

On 29 August 1940, he (and his wife and son) received a certificate of good conduct from the Mayor of Amsterdam, intended for emigration to the United States.^[4] This indicated that their application for the US was at a relatively advanced stage. It is not known why the family was ultimately unable to leave.

On 11 June 1941, there was a raid in Amsterdam-Zuid, mainly targeting former residents of Werkdorp Wieringermeer.^[5] Among those arrested was Lewkowitz's son Karl Friedrich (1922-1941).^[6]

Anne mentions the Lewkowitz family in her diary in connection with the problems with the subtenant Goldschmidt, who stayed behind in their home.^[7]

Lewkowitz was on the list of people to whom Otto Frank wanted to send a copy of The Secret Annex in 1947. He was living in Haifa at the time,^[8] and was a rabbi there.^[9]

Source personal data.^[1][2] Addresses: Biesboschstraat 15 III, Amsterdam (June ‘40); 11 III (Feb. ’41); Joubertstraat 21 (May ’43).^[1]

Footnotes

1. ^{a, b, c} Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart A. Lewkowitz.
2. ^{a, b} Zie https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd101712405.html#ndbcontent_literatur (geraadpleegd 26 januari 2017).
3. ^{^} Internationaal Instituut voor Sociale Geschiedenis, Collectie Judaica Nederland, inv. nr. 42, uitnodiging lezing 24 oktober 1939, Oosteinde 16.
4. ^{^} SAA, Secretarie, Afdeling Algemene Zaken, toegang 5181, indicateur van aanvragen van verklaringen van Nederlanderschap en goed gedrag, volgnrs. 3447, 3448 en 3449.
5. ^{^} Zie http://www.joodsamsterdam.nl/werkdorp-wieringermeer/ (geraadpleegd 27 februari 2018).
6. ^{^} NIOD Nederlands Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust- en Genocidestudies, Archief Joodsche Raad, toegang 182, inv. nr. 263, lijst van de op 11 Juni 1941 gearresteerde Joodsche mannen, p. 2.  
7. ^{^} Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 22 August 1942, in: The Collected Works, transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.
8. ^{^} Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA_100: Lijst met namen en adressen.
9. ^{^} Werner Stegmaier und Daniel Krochmalnik (Hrsg.), Jüdischer Nietzscheanismus, Berlijn [etc.]: De Gruyter, 1997, p. 369.

Alfred Klee

1875-01-15 | Berlijn , Duitsland
11-10-1943 | Westerbork , Nederland

Alfred Klee was the grandfather of Hanneli Goslar, a friend of Anne Frank.

Alfred Klee was the grandfather of Hanneli Goslar,^[1] a friend of Anne Frank. Immediately after Kristallnacht, his son-in-law Hans Goslar submitted a request for temporary residence in the Netherlands for his parents-in-law. On 23 November 1938 the Department of Justice decided to grant this request.^[2]  On 12 August 1940, he was deprived of his 'deutschen Staatsangehörigkeit'.^[3] Alfred Klee was a doctor of law,^[4] and member of the 'Beirat' of the Jewish Council.^[5]

Alfred Klee was a Zionist from his youth and worked with Theodor Herzl and other Zionist pioneers. He passed away on the 10th of November 1943 in Westerbork.^[6] The news of his death appeared over two weeks later in a New York magazine.^[7] 

Bron persoonsgegevens.^[8] Addresses: Tauentzienstraße 13, Berlin;^[4] Zuider Amstellaan 16 II, Amsterdam.^[9]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Anne referred to him as (one of): Mrs. Goslar's parents. Anne Frank, Diary Version B, 5 July 1942, in: The Collected Works, transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.
2. ^{^} Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, Ministerie van Justitie, Verbaalarchief, 1915-1955; Kabinetsarchief, 1915-1940, nummer toegang 2.09.22, inv. nr. 14812 (Q3683) en 11583.
3. ^{^} Hans Georg Lehmann & Michael Hepp (Einl.), Die Ausbürgerung deutscher Staatsangehöriger 1933 – 45 nach den im Reichsanzeiger veröffentlichten Listen. Band 1. Listen in chronologischer Reihenfolge, München: Saur, 1985, p. 396.
4. ^{a, b} Berliner Adressbuch 1937, p. 1296 (http://adressbuch.zlb.de).
5. ^{^} J. Presser, Ondergang. De vervolging en verdelging van het Nederlandse jodendom 1940 - 1945, 's-Gravenhage: Staatsuitgeverij, 1965, deel I, p. 422.
6. ^{^} Zie http://www.joodsmonument.nl/person/536347 (geraadpleegd augustus 2012).
7. ^{^} "Dr. Alfred Klee, German - Jewish leader, dies in concentration camp in Holland", JTA Daily News Bulletin (Jewish Telegraphic Agency, New York), vol. X, nr. 273, 26 november 1943.   
8. ^{^} Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart A. Klee; http://www.joodsmonument.nl/person/536347
9. ^{^} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Woningkaarten, inv. nr. 302: Woningkaart Zuider Amslellaan 16 II.

 

Alice Frank-Stern

1865-12-20 | Frankfurt am Main , Duitsland
3-19-1953 | Bazel , Zwitserland

Alice Frank-Stern was Otto Frank's mother and grandmother of Anne and Margot.

Alice Frank-Stern was Otto Frank's mother and grandmother of Anne and Margot..^[1] On 3 January 1886 she married Michael Frank. The couple had three sons: Robert, Otto and Herbert, and a daughter, Helène.^[2] In September '33 she moved from Frankfurt am Main to Basel in Switzerland.^[3] 

Source personal data.^[4] Addresses: Herbstgasse 11, Basel.^[5]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Anne refers to her as Omi. Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 14 June 1942, 19 - 30 June 1942, 2nd, in: The Collected Works, transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.
2. ^{^} Mirjam Pressler & Gert Elias, Treasures from the attic : the extraordinary story of Anne Frank's family, New York, NY: Doubleday, 2011.
3. ^{^} Familiearchief Anne Frank Fonds, Basel, Alice Frank, AFF_AlF_odoc_02: Beëdigde verklaring met boedelbeschrijving inzake verhuizing Frankfurt am Main naar Zwitserland, 21 september 1933.
4. ^{^} Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), Otto Frank Archief (OFA), reg. code OFA_010: Agenda Otto Frank 1953.
5. ^{^}  AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_071: Otto Frank aan Alice Betty Frank Stern, 5 juli 1942.

Alle Frederik Johannes Pieron

1862-12-20 | Goor , Nederland
8-24-1945 | Heemstede , Nederland

Pieron was owner of the building Prinsengracht 263.

Pieron was owner of the building Prinsengracht 263 from 16 September 1901.^[1] In the building Pieron had a forge and construction workshop, where among other things he manufactured cots for the 'Mission Hospitals' in the then Dutch East Indies.^[2] Later in life he was a pensioner. He sold the premises on 22 April 1943 to Maurits Wessels.^[3]

His 36-year-old son, also called Alle Frederik Johannes and a field preacher with the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army (Dutch: Koninklijk Nederlands Indisch Leger), ended up a Japanese prisoner of war. In September 1944 he died when the Junyo Maru was torpedoed.^[4]

Source personal data.^[5][6] Addresses: Meerweg 45, Heemstede (since 1929).^[7]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Anne refers to him as the landlord. Anne Frank, Diary Version B, 27 February 1943, in: The Collected Works, transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.
2. ^{^} Julienne Pieron, “Het Achterhuis”, in: Personeelsorgaan S.V.B. (juli 1965), p. 15-17.
3. ^{^} Kadaster Amsterdam: Koopakte 3305/4, 22 april 1943.
4. ^{^} Zie https://oorlogsgravenstichting.nl/persoon/117747/alle-frederik-johannes-pieron (geraadpleegd 22 augustus 2016).  
5. ^{^} Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten (toegangsnummer 5421): Gezinskaart A.F.J. Pieron.
6. ^{^} Centraal Bureu voor Genealogie, Den Haag, Centraal Archief van Overledenen: Persoonskaart A.F.J. Pieron.
7. ^{^} Eerste Heemsteedsche Courant, 31 mei 1929.

Amalie Spanier - Marx

1879-09-29 | Grüsen , Duitsland
Unkown Death Date | Unkown Death Place , Unkown Death Country

Amalie Spanier was registered for a number of months at the address of Hermann and Auguste van Pels.

Amalie Spanier was registered from 9 May 1939 to 10 July 1939 at the address of Hermann and Auguste van Pels.

In 1906 she married Adolf Eduard Spanier, who died in 1933. In May 1939, she came to the Netherlands and moved in with the Van Pels family for a few months.^[1]

Amalie's daughter Gertrud married Rudolf Stern, who lived in Argentina and was of German origin, by proxy on 8 May 1940. Amalie was not present at this marriage because she lived in the United States.^[2]

Gertrud lived at the time of her marriage with the widow Ruth Leeser – Cohn^[3] (Fritz Leeser died in 1934). Both Hermann van Pels' sister Clara and Auguste van Pels' sister Else had a husband called Leeser.

Source personal data.^[1] Addresses: Enger (Germany); Biesboschstraat 59huis, Amsterdam (1939); Zuider Amstellaan 96-III, Amsterdam; Hardford (VS) (January 1940).^[1]

Footnotes

1. ^{a, b, c} Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart A. Marx.
2. ^{^} SAA, Burgerlijke Stand, toegang 5009, inv. nr. 6604: Register van huwelijksakten 1940, deel 12, 65v, akte 118.
3. ^{^} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart G.S. Spanier (1909).

Anne Frank

6-12-1929 | Frankfurt am Main , Duitsland
Unkown Death Date | Bergen-Belsen , Duitsland

Anne Frank was a Jewish girl who became world-famous thanks to the diary she wrote during the Second World War, while she was in hiding in the Achterhuis (the Annex) on Prinsengracht in Amsterdam.

Annelies Marie (Anne) Frank was born on 12 June 1929, in the Germany city Frankfurt am Main.^[1] Anne was the second child of Otto Frank and Edith Holländer and was preceded by Margot. Like her sister Margot, Anne was born in the clinic of the Vaterländische Frauenverein.^[2] She was 54 centimetres long and weighed 8¼ pounds.^[3] A clinic register indicates that 'Saugling' Frank was a 'Junge' (boy) and that Anne remained at the clinic with Edith for twelve days after the birth.^[4] According to maid Käthi Stilgenbauer, the obstetrician was Professor Traugott.^[5]

After her parents' decision to leave Germany, Anne initially lived with her mother and Margot with her grandmother in Aachen. Margot moved permanently to Amsterdam in December 1933; Anne had to wait until February 1934. From April 1934 to July 1935 she went to the kindergarten class at the 6th Montessori school. In August 1935 Anne went to the first grade of said school. After the sixth grade she was supposed to stay at the school for a seventh year, but due to educational segregation this was not possible. She was accepted at the Jewish Lyceum, and so went to secondary school after all. Anne described her classmates and various incidents at the Jewish Lyceum in her diary and Verhaaltjesboek (Book of tales). Anne's health was not very good. She was often ill and couldn't take part in gymnastics because her arms and legs dislocated easily. This also affected her when she wanted to do gymnastics in the Secret Annex.

Anne was the only person who documented the hiding period in the Secret Annex extensively. Only Otto Frank and Miep Gies have added to and corrected this information. This means that everything we know about the hiding period is highly coloured by Anne's perception. Margot also kept a diary, but it has not survived.

After the arrest on 4 August 1944, Anne ended up in Auschwitz via Westerbork. For the first eight weeks Anne was with her mother and Margot. In late October or early November the girls were put on a transport to Germany and ended up in Bergen Belsen. Like Margot, Anne contracted typhus and died in February 1945, shortly after her sister, at the age of 15.^[6]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Standesamt Frankfurt am Main, Geboorteakte nr. 484, 17 juni 1929.
2. ^{^} Het heet nu het Krankenhaus Maingau vom Roten Kreuz. In 1890 opende het 'Vaterländische Frauenverein vom Roten Kreuz' hier het Maingau-Krankenhaus, https://www.rotkreuzkliniken.de/geschichte.html (geraadpleegd december 2015).
3. ^{^} Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, reg. code A_AFrank_III_027: Fotoalbum met foto's gemaakt tussen 1929 en 1942.
4. ^{^} Research Von Wolzogen voor: Jürgen Steen, Wolf von Wolzogen, Anne aus Frankfurt. Leben und Lebenswelt Anne Franks, Frankfurt am Main: Historisches Museum, 1990, Historisches Museum Frankfurt am Main, 2.4.1./1. Volgens de notatie van Von Wolzogen komt dit uit het 'Soc.Druck.-Archiv'. Volgens H.P. Dieterich van 'Societäts Verlag' is alle archief in WO2 verwoest (email 17 november 2009). Hij verwijst naar het archief van de kliniek, maar daarvoor geldt hetzelfde.
5. ^{^} Ernst Schnabel, Anne Frank. Spur eines Kindes, Frankfurt am Main: Fischer,  1958, p. 15. Dit moet ongetwijfeld zijn professor Traugott, gynaecoloog en verloskundige, die ook bij de geboorte van Margot was. Von Wolzogen noemt ook Traugott (zie noot 4).
6. ^{^} Literature: Mirjam Pressler, The story of Anne Frank, London: MacMillan Children's Books, 1999; Carol Ann Lee, Roses from the earth: the biography of Anne Frank, London : Viking, 1999; Francine Prose, Anne Frank: the book, the life, the afterlife, New York, NY: HarperCollins, 2009; Hans Ulrich, Who was Anne Frank? Her life, the Annex and her death: a short biography, Laren: Verbum, 2010; Melissa Müller, Anne Frank: the biography, upd. and exp. ed., London: Bloomsbury, 2013; Aukje Vergeest, Anne Frank in the Secret Annexe: who was who?, Amsterdam: Anne Frank House, 2015; David Barnouw, Frank, Annelies Marie, in: Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland, 2018.

Anneke Steenmeijer

5-30-1926 | Groningen , Nederland
1-2-2010 | Unkown Death Place , Unkown Death Country

Anneke Steenmeijer was active in the Anne Frank House and wrote the book 'Weerklank van Anne Frank' (Eng: 'Anne Frank's resonance') together with Otto Frank and Henri van Praag.

Anneke Steenmeijer had lessons at the School voor Maatschappelijk Werk ('School for Social Work') from Henri van Praag, who was a teacher of 'Spiritual Streams' there. In 1959, she started working for Van Praag. He was active in the Anne Frank Foundation and so Anneke Steenmeijer started archiving the letters that Otto Frank received.^[1]

At the end of 1959 she went to Basel to collect a suitcase full of letters. On later visits, Otto Frank himself brought back new consignments.^[1] She classified the letters according to country of origin and made excerpts. Van Praag based a ‘Studierapport t.b.v. het bestuur’ ('Study report for the board') on this, dated 1 February 1960.^[1]

Because the Anne Frank House was not yet completed, she worked in the office of Van Praag's brother on Weteringschans. When she wanted to work for the International Youth Centre on Prinsengracht in May 1960, Truus Wijsmuller was initially opposed to this. Nevertheless, she was given a place to work in the private office. Steenmeijer worked part-time and part freelance for the Anne Frank Foundation until around 1974.^[2]

She edited the book 'Weerklank van Anne Frank' ('Anne Frank's resonance') (1970) together with Otto Frank and Henri van Praag.^[3]

 Addresses: Dever 26, Amsterdam (’69);^[4] Slochterenlaan 34, Bussum (2010).^[5]

Footnotes

1. ^{a, b, c} Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Getuigenarchief, Steenmeijer, Anneke: Interview door Dineke Stam, 3 december 1996.
2. ^{^} AFS, AFC, reg code B_I_189.042 t/m 048; AFS, Getuigenarchief, Steenmeijer, Gesprek Anneke Steenmeijer met Teresien da Silva, 17 juli 2002.
3. ^{^} “Weerklank van Anne Frank” meer heiligenleven dan documentaire”, De Tijd, 4 april 1970.

Annelore Beem - Daniel

8-20-1927 | Berlijn , Duitsland
11-12-2019 | Unkown Death Place , Unkown Death Country

Annelore Daniel was in camp Bergen-Belsen along with Anne and Margot Frank and Auguste van Pels. Eventually, as with Auguste, Annelore was transported to Raguhn and later to Theresienstadt.

Annelore Daniel was born in Berlin on 20 August 1927. She lived there until 1933 with her father Hans Daniel (1897-1944), mother Selma Daniel-Lion (1897-1944) and her two-year-older sister Ellen (1925-2005). Her father Hans Daniel was an engineer at the Nora-GMBH factories, but was fired immediately with the entry into force of the first anti-Jewish measures on 1 April 1933. He then decided to investigate whether the family could make a living in the Netherlands.^[1]

After her father got a position at an electronics engineering firm in Amsterdam, her mother followed, taking over responsibility for administration at the firm, while Annlelore and her sister stayed with an aunt in Schwedt an der Oder.^[1] In the summer of 1933, they also came to the Netherlands and the family lived at 37 Parnassusweg in Amsterdam-Zuid. In August 1936, the family moved to Albrecht Durerstraat 25, before moving to a house a street away, at Rubensstraat 64, in April 1939.^[2]

Annelore went to Sparta School on Stadionkade immediately after the 1933 summer holidays and learnt Dutch within weeks. When Jewish children had to go to separate schools in 1941, she attended the Jewish MULO school on Christiaan de Wetstraat for a year.^[1]

Concentration camps

In early November 1942, the family was taken from their home in the morning and had to wait in the Hollandsche Schouwburg for several days. The family finally arrived at Westerbork camp on 10 November. Although her father's sperre could have protected the family from deportation for a long time, on 21 April 1943 Annelore's parents were put on a transport to Theresienstadt.^[3] Annelore and her sister Ellen remained behind in Westerbork and from then on was one of the so-called 'T-children': the children in Westerbork whose parents were in Theresienstadt. After her parents were deported, Annelore worked in the Westerbork hospital on the baby ward.^[1]

On 18 January 1944, nine months after their parents were deported, Annelore and Ellen Daniel were also transported to Theresienstadt and reunited with their parents.^[4] Annelore recalls: 'and at one point we see father. And he jumped in the air, really, literally and figuratively and ran away. And I don't know, it felt like a very short time later he came back with my mother.'^[1] The family eventually spent nine months in Theresienstadt, until they were put on a transport to Auschwitz on 28 October 1944.^[5] Once there, both her mother and father were gassed.^[3]

The Daniel sisters spent several days in Auschwitz and, like Anne and Margot Frank, were deported from Auschwitz-Birkenau to Bergen-Belsen on the 1 November 1944 transport. According to Janny Brilleslijper (1916-2003), the Daniel sisters, the Frank sisters, Auguste van Pels and several other Dutch prisoners there formed a close-knit group with her and her sister Rebekka Brilleslijper (1912-1988).^[6]

Annelore recalled that in the camp huts, Margot and Anne Frank were always inseparable together with Auguste van Pels. She also recalled that Anne, Margot and Auguste were in an apathetic and desperate state in the camp.^[1]

On 7 February 1945, like Auguste van Pels and 26 other Dutch women, Annelore was selected for employment at Raguhn, a sub-camp of Buchenwald concentration camp. After three days of travelling, the women arrived and were registered. Annelore was given prisoner number 67099.^[7] In Raguhn, the women had to assemble aircraft parts.^[8]

Liberation

On 9 April 1945, the women were again transported in Raguhn due to the approaching US troops. After a chaotic journey, Annelore arrived in Theresienstadt on 16 April.^[9] Auguste van Pels had died on the train on the way. Annelore recalled that they had lifted Auguste out and laid her next to the railway tracks.^[1] On 8 May 1945, Theresienstadt was liberated by the Soviet army.^[10]

Annelore was found to have tuberculosis and recovered after the war in Sandpoort, alongside a former classmate of Anne's, Nanette Blitz (1929). When Otto Frank visited Nanette Blitz in 1945 to hear more about the last days of his two daughters, Annelore was able to add to Blitz's story and told Otto about her last meetings with Anne and Margot and the death of Auguste.^[11] It eventually took Annelore three years to recover from the illness and, as she herself put it, that is why her liberation did not come until 14 May 1948.^[1]

Addresses: Germany, Berlin; Netherlands, Amsterdam: Parnassusweg 37 ('33), Albrecht Durerstraat 25 ('36), Rubensstraat 64 ('39).^[2]

Anni van Pels - Haag

7-21-1900 | Hamburg , Duitsland
Unkown Death Date | Unkown Death Place , Unkown Death Country

Anni van Pels - Haag was married to Max van Pels, and was a sister-in-law of Hermann van Pels.

Anni Haag had become Dutch through her marriage to a Dutchman. In March 1938 she and her husband came from Hamburg to Amsterdam. On 16 June 1938, he and his wife received a certificate of good conduct in connection with emigration to North America,^[1] and on 27 August they left on board the S.S. 'Samaria' from Liverpool. The ship arrived in New York on 5 September 1938.^[2]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Archief van de Secretarie: Afdeling Algemene Zaken, toegang 5181, inventarisnummer 7640: indicateur van aanvragen van bewijzen van Nederlanderschap en van goed gedrag, 1938, volgnrs. 4820 en 4821.
2. ^{^} National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Washington D.C., records of the Immigration and Naturalization Services, list or manifest of alien passengers for the United States Immigrant Inspector at port of arrival, S.S. 'Samaria', passengers sailing from Liverpool, 27 augustus 1938, arrival in New York 5 september 1938.

Anton Heinrich Springer

Unkown Birth Date | Unkown Birth Place , Unkown Birth Country
Unkown Death Date | Unkown Death Place , Unkown Death Country

Anton Heinrich Springer wrote the five-volume 'Handbuch der Kunstgeschichte'. During the period in hiding, Anne Frank received this series for her fifteenth birthday.

Anton Heinrich Springer (1825-1891) was a German art historian.^[1] Hij wrote the five-volume 'Handbuch der Kunstgeschichte'. This series was present in the Secret Annex during the hiding period.^[2] Anne wrote in her diary on 13 June 1944 that she received the five Springer books for her fifteenth birthday.^[3] There are two copies of this 'Springer' series in the Anne Frank Foundation's museum collection..^[4]

 

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Zie http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_Springer (geraadpleegd augustus 2013).
2. ^{^} Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 6 January 1944, in: The Collected Works, transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.
3. ^{^} Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 13 June 1944, in: The Colled Works.
4. ^{^} Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, reg. code B_Achterhuis_VII_088 t/m 092.

 

Anton Mussert

1894-05-11 | Werkendam , Nederland
5-7-1946 | Den Haag , Nederland

Anton Mussert was the founder and party leader of the National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands (NSB).

Anton Mussert was the founder and party leader of the National Socialist Movement (NSB).^[1] He was a hydraulic engineer with the Province of Utrecht. Later he founded the NSB and led this movement until 1945. In the pre-war period, Mussert was unsuccessful in growing into a serious power factor.^[2] During the occupation, he was little more than a figurehead. He was sentenced to death at the end of '45 for aiding the enemy, attacking the constitutional government and trying to bring the Netherlands under foreign rule.^[3]

On 10 June 1944, Mussert said at a large meeting in the Concertgebouw:

'There are those who will ask themselves: And where will you, leader, be when the invasion comes here to our country? Is your car ready? I can tell them, my comrades, I have made my decision. When the invasion comes, I will be in Utrecht under all circumstances. This morning I received a new uniform, that of a volunteer soldier in the German Wehrmacht. This uniform I will put on as soon as the invasion comes here.'^[4]

At the time of his arrest on 7 May 1945 in The Hague, he was dressed in civilian clothes.^[5]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Zie http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_Mussert (geraadpleegd mei 2012).
2. ^{^} Anne refers to him as that fat pig. Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 27 June 1944, in: The Collected Works, [transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.
3. ^{^} Voor recente literatuur, zie: Tessel Pollmann, Mussert & Co. De NSB-leider en zijn vertouwelingen, Amsterdam: Boom 2012.
4. ^{^} "Mussert soldaat van de Duitsche Weermacht", Gooi- en Eemlander, 12 juni 1944.
5. ^{^} Foto in: Keesing’s Historisch Archief, nr. 725, 7-13 mei 1945.

Appie Reens

7-28-1927 | Amsterdam , Nederland
6-24-1943 | Sobibor , Unkown Death Country

Appie Reens was a classmate of Anne Frank at the Jewish Lyceum.

Appie Reens was a classmate of Anne Frank at the Jewish Lyceum.^[1] During the German occupation, he was an employee of the Jewish Council.^[2] Anne writes in her diary that Appie is "quite orthodox".^[3] In August 1940 he did Bar Mitzvah. A certificate of this occasion is in the collection of the Jewish Historical Museum.^[4] 

Appie arrived in camp Westerbork on the 25th of May 1943.^[5] On the 24th of June 1943 he was killed in concentration camp Sobibor.^[2]

Source personal data.^[2] Addresses: Sassenheimstraat 51 huis, Amsterdam.^[1]

Footnotes

1. ^{a, b} NIOD Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust en Genocidestudies, Amsterdam, W.S.H. Elte, toegang 181e, inv. nr. 2f: Absentenregister klas 1LII Joods Lyceum, 1 maart – 17 juli 1942.
2. ^{a, b, c} Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten, toegang 30238, archiefkaart A. Reens.
3. ^{^} Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 16 June 1942, in: The Collected Works, transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.
4. ^{^} Joods Historisch Museum, Amsterdam: Oorkonde uitgereikt aan Abraham Reens ter gelegenheid van zijn bar mitswa, 1940 (objectnummer M000809: https://data.jck.nl/page/aggregation/jhm-museum/M000809).
5. ^{^} Joodse Raad kaart Abraham Reens, Document ID: 130360849, Arolsen Archives, https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/de/search/person/130360849?s=Abraham%20Reens&t=2575040&p=0 (geraadpleegd 10 november 2022).

 

Arian Edel

1888-12-16 | Beemster , Nederland
12-8-1957 | Amsterdam , Nederland

Arian Edel was Anne Frank's dentist.

Arian Edel was Anne Frank's dentist.^[1] He was on Otto Frank's mailing list when Het Achterhuis was published.^[2]

He passed his dental exam on 30 May 1913 in Utrecht.^[3] From 1915 to 1922, he was a dentist in Rotterdam.^[4] His practice was limited to orthodontics and X-ray diagnostics.^[5] As X-ray equipment was not yet available in every dental practice before World War II, Edel also made X-rays for fellow dentists..^[6]

His wife J.M.P. Visser was a pharmacist..^[7] She spoke at the Meisjeslyceum (Girls' High School) on 16 May 1939 about studying pharmacy.^[8]

Source personal data.^[7] Addresses: Jan Luykenstraat 94hs, Amsterdam (1922-57).^[7]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Anne Frank, Diary Version B, 24 June 1942, in: The Collected Works, transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.
2. ^{^} Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA_ 100.
3. ^{^} Provinciale Noordhollandsche Courant, 4 juni 1913.
4. ^{^} Algemeen Adresboek voor de stad Rotterdam 1915-1922.
5. ^{^} Algemeen Handelsblad, 19 juli 1940.
6. ^{^} G.J. van Wiggen, In meer eerbare banen. De ontwikkeling van het tandheelkundig beroep in Nederland van 1865 – 1940, Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1987, p. 35.
7. ^{a, b, c} Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart A. Edel.
8. ^{^} SAA, Gerrit van der Veen Scholengemeenschap en rechtsvoorgangers, inv. nr. 162: Verslag over het jaar 1939, p. 8-9.

Arie Hulsman

9-23-1911 | Amsterdam , Nederland
Unkown Death Date | Unkown Death Place , Unkown Death Country

Arie Hulsman was the brother of Bertus Hulsman, the fiancé of Bep Voskuijl.

Arie Hulsman was the brother of Bertus Hulsman, who was the fiancée of Bep Voskijl for some time. He married D.A. Keijzer on 28 September 1932 in Amsterdam.^[1] On 21 October 1942, he left for Berlin with his brothers Bertus and Theodore and his wife Gertrud Herms.^[2] He went there to work as a barber's assistant.^[3]

Source personal data.^[1] Addresses: Orteliusstraat 198 II, Amsterdam.^[1]

Footnotes

1. ^{a, b, c} Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart A. Hulsman.
2. ^{^} Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 22 October 1942, in: The Collected Works, transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.
3. ^{^} SAA, Gemeente Arbeidsbeurs, inv. nr. 1358, scan A11672000060, 058 en 052: Transportlijst van arbeiders die naar Duitsland gaan, 21 oktober 1942.

Arie Nielson

7-8-1912 | Rotterdam , Nederland
1-12-1997 | Unkown Death Place , Unkown Death Country

Arie Nielson was a teacher for the LOI course Elementary Latin that Margot Frank followed while in hiding.

Arie Cornelis Nielson was born on 12 June 1912 as the son of Cornelis Nielson (3 May 1880) and Elisabeth Wilhelmina Nielson-Visser (30 November 1884). He had an older sister Marie Elisabeth Nielson (12 December 1908).^[1]

In 1936, Nielson had graduated cum laude from the candidate examination in classical literature at Leiden University.^[2] He then became a lecturer at the Leiden Educational Institutions (LOI), where he taught the 'Elementary Latin' course. While Margot Frank was in hiding in the Secret Annex, she took this course in the name of Bep Voskuijl. On her homework, Nielson wrote compliments almost weekly because of her good results.^[3]

In his hometown of Rotterdam, Nielson was kyrkvärd (churchwarden) of the Swedish Church.^[4]

During the razzia of Rotterdam on 10 and 11 November 1944, he was arrested and deported to Nazi Germany for the forced Labour Deployment. There he was put to work in Dingden, a village near Bocholt. With five hundred other men, he was housed in the ballroom of a local pub. Because of his academic background and commitment to the church, he enjoyed prestige and acted as an ombudsman for the other Dutch men posted there. He also assisted the doctor and pastor. After the war, he returned to Rotterdam.^[5]

Otto Frank sent Nielson a copy of The Secret Annex in June 1947. He wrote: "You took great care with the lessons, which gave my daughter Margot great satisfaction […]".

Nielson replied on 17 July 1947, writing: "During the war hundreds of people in hiding [...] attended our lessons. [...] I have kept hundreds of letters from this time as a precious memory of the many frightened and lonely people in hiding, to whom my lessons brought comfort and culture […]” ^[6]

Nielson regularly translated Latin texts. In 1949, in collaboration with the lawyer A. Dirkzwager, he published a translation of Erasmus's In Praise of Folly.^[7] 

Source Personal Data.^[8] Addresses: Rodenrijschelaan 37a, Rotterdam.^[9]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Stadsarchief Rotterdam, Bevolkingsregistratie, gezinskaarten, toegang 494-03, inv. nr. 851-344: Cornelis Nielson en Elisabeth Visser.
2. ^{^} “Academische examens”, Leidsch Dagblad, 3 april 1936.
3. ^{^} Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), reg. code A_MFrank_I_073-109, Zie ook: Anne Frank, Diary Version B, 17 november 1943, in: The Cllected Works, transl. by Susan Massotty, London: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.
4. ^{^} De ‘dominee’ deed z’n best’, Algemeen Dagblad, Rotterdam, 24-11-1984. Via Delpher: https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=KBPERS01:003032021:mpeg21:p00051 (geraadpleegd 5 februari 2024).
5. ^{^} 'De "dominee" deed z'n best', Algemeen Dagblad, Rotterdam, 24-11-1984; Hubert van Hove, Reis naar het einde. Razzia van Rotterdam, Amsterdam, Studentendrukwerk Groningen, 2023.
6. ^{^} AFS, AFC, Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA_100: Correspondentie Otto Frank-A.C. Nielson, 1947.
7. ^{^} Desiderius Erasmus, Moriae Encomium dat is De lof der Zotheid, Amsterdam: Paris, 1949.
8. ^{^} Stadsarchief Rotterdam, Burgerlijke Stand Rotterdam, geboorteakten, toegang 999-01, inv. nr. 1912J, folio nr. j059: Arie Cornelis Nielson; Centraal Bureau voor Genealogie, Den Haag, Centraal archief van overledenen: Persoonskaart A.C. Nielson.
9. ^{^} AFS, AFC, reg. code A_MFrank_I_061: Schrijven A.C. Nielson, 15 november 1943.

 

Armand Geiershöfer

1876-05-11 | Neurenberg , Duitsland
8-17-1942 | Luxemburg , Luxemburg

Herman Geiershöfer was married to a cousin of Otto Frank.

Herman (Armand) Geiershöfer was married to Otto Frank's cousin Irma Reinhard. She was a daughter of Caroline Frank, a sister of Otto's father. He ran his father-in-law's glove factory 'Manufacture de Gants Reinhard' in Luxembourg.^[1] He was naturalised by law on 26 August 1912 as a Luxembourger.^[2] In April and May 1934 Geiershöfer transferred a total of thirty-five hundred guilders to Otto Frank, who confirmed receipt of the transfer on 9 July.^[3] He died as a result of tensions caused, among other things, by being deprived of his business.^[4]

Source personal data.^[5]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Anne refers to him as Hermann in Luxemburg. Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 8 May 1944, 1st, in: The Collected Works, transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty,  London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.
2. ^{^} Memorial de Grand-Duche de Luxembourg, No. 84, 11 november 1912, p. 1177 (op de website van Legilux, geraadpleegd juni 2012).
3. ^{^} NIOD Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust- en Genocidestudies, Amsterdam, inv. nr. 292, N.V. Nederlandsche Opekta Maatschappij (Archief Opekta): Losse map ‘belangrijke zaken Otto Frank’ (kopie bij: Anne Frank Stichting, afd. Collecties: Collectie in handen van derden, Instellingen Nederland).
4. ^{^} Familiearchief Anne Frank-Fonds, Bazel, Alice Frank,  AFF_AlF_odoc_05: Alice Frank-Stern aan de Kantonale Fremdenpolizei, 10 maart 1943.
5. ^{^} Memorial de Grand-Duche de Luxembourg, No. 84, 11 november 1912, p. 1177 (www.legilux.lu, geraadpleegd 27 september 2022); Yad Vashem, Central Database of Shoah Victims: http://yvng.yadvashem.org/ (geraadpleegd 10 februari 2016).

Arnold Keesing

1885-03-19 | Amsterdam , Nederland
3-18-1949 | Amsterdam , Nederland

Arnold Keesing was Anne's mathematics teacher at the Jewish Lyceum.

In 1912, Aäron Keesing was the first in the family to marry a non-Jewish spouse. This caused some commotion within the family.^[1]

Keesing had a permanent contract with the municipality and taught at the 1st HBS with a five-year course. He also taught at the Handelsschool (on Raamplein). When he had to give details of his Jewish grandparents because of school segregation, he stated that there were 'probably' more than two. He was not more specific because they had all died before he was born. His wife did not have any Jewish grandparents..^[2]
In 1942, he began teaching at the Jewish Lyceum.^[3]  

Anne describes how he repeatedly gave her punishment work for talking in class.^[4] She also describes the whole incident in detail in her story "A Maths Lesson".^[5]

Source personal data.^[6] Addresses: 1e Helmerstraat 101hs, Amsterdam.^[6]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} E-mail Miriam Mijatovich-Keesing aan Gertjan Broek (Anne Frank Stichting), 30 november 2009.
2. ^{^} Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Afdeling Onderwijs, toegang 5191, inv. nr. 10830, formulier B, no. 2354 (afschrift), opgave van A. Keesing.  
3. ^{^} SAA, Afdeling Onderwijs, inv. nr. 10830, personeelslijst Joods Lyceum, 16 september 1942.
4. ^{^} Anne Frank, Diary Version B, 21 June 1942, in: The Collected Works, transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty. - London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.
5. ^{^} Anne Frank, Tales from the Secret Annex, "A Maths Lesson", in The Collected Works.
6. ^{a, b} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart A. Keesing.

Arthur Lewinsohn

1884-12-31 | Hohensalza , Duitsland
12-5-1971 | Bad Münstereifel , Duitsland

Arthur Lewinsohn was a chemist who carried out experiments for Opekta with Victor Kugler.

Arthur Lewinsohn was a chemist who carried out experiments for Opekta with Victor Kugler at Prinsengracht 263. Lewinsohn appeared in Otto Frank's diaries as "Apo" on his birthday and appointments.^[1] He was also on the list of those who Otto Frank wated to give a copy of The Secret Annex to in 1947.^[2] According to Anne, he used the name Muller when making phone calls, in connection with anti-Jewish measures.^[3] According to Anne, he had a dog called Susi.^[4] He married S.F.F. Albinger on 11 September 1946 in Amsterdam.^[5] A marriage announcement appeared in Aufbau.^[6] He was a chemist, and a consultant.^[5]

Source personal data.^[5] Addresses: Berlin; Surinamestraat 38, The Hague (late 1939); Biesboschstraat 70 III, Amsterdam (June 1940-June ’45); Churchilllaan 33 I (1945-’69); Bad Münstereifel.^[5]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), Otto Frank Archief (OFA), reg. code OFA_007: Agenda Otto Frank 1950; OFA_021: Agenda 1964; OFA_022: Agenda 1965.
2. ^{^} AFS, AFC, reg, code OFA_100.
3. ^{^} Anne Frank, DIary Version A, 1 October 1942, in: The Collected Works; transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019. Also mentioned in Version A, 30 September 1942, 1st, 6 October 1942, 30 September 1942, 2nd, 5 October 1942, 20 October 1942, 26 October 1942, 7 November 1942, 13 November 1942, and in Version B, 1 October 1942.
4. ^{^} Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 5 October 1942, in: The Collected Works.
5. ^{a, b, c, d} Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart A.S. Lewinsohn.
6. ^{^} Aufbau, 18 oktober 1946.

Auguste van Pels - Röttgen

9-29-1900 | Buer , Duitsland
Unkown Death Date | Unkown Death Place , Duitsland of Tsjecho-Slowakije

Auguste van Pels was one of the eight people hiding in the Secret Annex.

Auguste Röttgen was born on 29th of September 1900 in Buer, Germany.^[1] She was the daughter of Leo Röttgen and Rosa Röttgen-Rosenau.^[2] Auguste had four sisters: Else, Gertrude, Margaretha and Lotte. After the war her sister Margaretha declared that Auguste had studied economics in Cologne and successfully completed this course. According to Cologne university archives, she was deregistered after one semester.^[3]

On 5 December 1925, Auguste Röttgen married Hermann van Pels in her hometown of Elberfeld. She automatically received Dutch nationality. On 8 November 1926, her son Peter was born. He remained an only child. In 1937, Auguste and her family came to the Netherlands. After several moves, they ended up in a spacious four-room house on Zuider Amstellaan, furnished with furniture brought from Germany. On 30 October 1942, after they had been in hiding for a few months, the house was cleared out.

In July 1942, Auguste van Pels also went into hiding in the Secret Annex on Prinsengracht. What we know about her from this period comes from Anne's diary, with some corrections and additions from Otto Frank and Miep Gies.

After the arrest on 4 August 1944, Auguste van Pels ended up in Auschwitz via Westerbork. She was later shipped on to Bergen-Belsen and Theresienstadt. Somewhere along the way to Theresienstadt she died. She was 44 years old when she died.^[4]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Standesamt Elberfeld (Wuppertal), Huwelijksafkondigingregister nr. 1767, Aktenummer 1374; Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), reg. code A_vPels_I_002): Afschrift (d.d. 14 februari 1996) van trouwakte Hermann van Pels en Auguste Röttgen d.d. 5 december 1925.
2. ^{^} Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaarten Leo Röttgen en Rosa Röttgen-Rosenau.
3. ^{^} Details over Auguste Röttgens loopbaan in Landesarchiv NRW – Standort Hannover, Nds 110 W Akz 105/93 Nr. 959. Rechtsanwältin Elisabeth Späth aan de Regierungspräsident Hannover, 7 april 1960. Zie ook: Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Colllectie, Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA_079: Rechtsanwaltin Elisabeth Späth aan Otto Frank, 27 februari 1961; Universitätsarchiv Köln, Zugang 600/64-Röttgen, Auguste. Zie ook schriftelijke toelichting Andreas Freiträger, 5 februari 2020.
4. ^{^} Literature: Menno Metselaar, 'An egotistical father, a vain mother and a shy boy. The van Pels family: also in hiding in the Secret Annexe', in: Anne Frank Magazine 1998, p. 8-13;Aukje Vergeest, Anne Frank in the Secret Annexe: who was who?, Amsterdam: Anne Frank House, 2015.

Aäron van Pels

1869-03-13 | Oude Pekela , Nederland
12-27-1941 | Amsterdam , Nederland

Aäron van Pels was the father of Hermann van Pels and the grandfather of Peter.

Aäron van Pels married Lina Vorsänger on 15 April 1893 in Quakenbrück.^[1] They had six children. Because Aaron van Pels had remained a Dutchman, his children were given Dutch nationality.

In 1922, he established a trading company in butcher's supplies in Osnabrück..^[2] Lina died on 21 November 1923.^[1] His son Hermann worked in his father's business from about 1932 until his emigration in 1937. The business was closed down on 19 September 1938 as a result of National Socialist measures..^[2]

In February 1939 he came to Amsterdam. He moved in with his daughter, Henny. Four of his five other children also settled in and around Amsterdam at the end of the 1930s.^[3]

On 24 May 1939, he received a certificate of good conduct from the municipality of Amsterdam, because of his intention to leave for South America..^[4] He was planning to join his daughter Meta in Brazil, but that country rejected his visa application. An application to the United States failed because of the rigidity of the procedure.^[5] 

Source personal data.^[1][6] Addresses: Gehrde; Osnabrück; Okeghemstraat 6 I, Amsterdam (Feb. ’39); Zuider Amstellaan 114c III (June ’39); Minervalaan 49 I (3 May 1940).^[1]

Footnotes

1. ^{a, b, c, d} Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart A.D. van Pels.
2. ^{a, b} Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv Hannover (NLH), Entschädigungsakten Hermann van Pels, Nds. 110W, Acc. 70/95 Nr. 538, beschikking inzake "Entschädigung", 15 januari 1969.
3. ^{^} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaarten A.D. van Pels, D.M. van Pels (1893), H. van Pels (1890, abusief), H. van Pels (1895), I.H. van Pels (1896) en C. van Pels (1900).
4. ^{^} SAA, Archief Secretarie, Afdeling Algemene Zaken, toegang 5181, inv. nr. 7641, indicateur van aanvragen van bewijzen van Nederlanderschap en van goed gedrag, 1939, volgnr. 5546.
5. ^{^} NLH, Nds 110W, Acc. 75/95 Nr. 538, Entschädigungsakten A.D. van Pels, beëdigde verklaring Ida Selowsky - van Pels, 21 maart 1960.
6. ^{^} SAA, Burgerlijke Stand, toegang 5009, inv. nr. 6940, registers van overlijdens 1941, deel 13, akte 382.

Barbara Ledermann

9-4-1925 | Berlijn , Duitsland
Unkown Death Date | Unkown Death Place , Unkown Death Country

Barbara Ledermann was friends with Margot Frank.

Barbara Ledermann came to the Netherlands in 1933 with her parents and younger sister Susanne. Her mother was a sister of the artist Paul Citroen (1896-1983).^[1]

Like Margot, she attended the Jeker School. Margot was a great help to her with her schoolwork.^[1] She had ballet lessons from Hans Snoek, the later founder of the Scapino Ballet.^[1] In 1941, a photographer took photos of Barbara and Joyce van der Veen during their ballet exercises.^[2]

When the deportations started in July 1942, Barbara was exempted because of connections with the Jewish Council. Nevertheless, her parents had her vaccinated against cholera and typhus, just to be sure.^[3]

Later, with the help of friends, she managed to change her identity.^[1] She got through the years of occupation under the name Barbara Waarts. In this false identity, the first names of the parents and the date and place of birth were correct. On 5 July 1944 she also received a new identity card under the name Waarts. After the liberation her registration card in the Population Register was labelled 'False'.^[4]

Her going into hiding was against the will of her parents. When she lived under the pseudonym Waarts for eight months, she went to visit her parents. Because the neighbours knew her, she put a Jewish star on her clothes. She was at home one evening and night. The next morning, 20 June 1943, the raid took place during which the last large group of Jews in the neighbourhood was picked up. Barbara removed her star and left the house unharmed. Her father, mother and sister Susanne were taken away that day.^[5]

In June 1947, Otto Frank sent her a copy of The Secret Annex with an accompanying note. She thanked him on 10 September 1947, writing that she had now succeeded in accepting life as others have accepted religion: without understanding it.^[6]

In October 1947, Barbara, who was the only survivor from her family, left for the United States. She married physicist Martin Rodbell and had four children with him.

Barbara Ledermann's story forms one of the personalised tour brochures of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington.^[7]

Source personal data.^[8] Addresses: Berlin; Zandvoort; Noorder Amstellaan 37-III, Amsterdam; Johannes Vermeerstraat 77 boven; Reijnier Vinkeleskade 61 huis (June 1943-1945 under the false identity of Barbara Waarts); Koningslaan 14hs (November 1945); New York (October 1947).^[9]

Footnotes

1. ^{a, b, c, d} Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Getuigenarchief Rodbell - Ledermann: Interview met Barbara Rodbell - Ledermann door Wouter van der Sluis, Amsterdam, 10 november 1993.
2. ^{^} AFS, Getuigenarchief Van der Veen: Interview met Joyce van der Veen door Dineke Stam, Los Angeles, 27 maart 1997.
3. ^{^} Catherine Yekimov, Inge R, Lizze Vrijsen (vertaling), Letters from the Ledermanns, San Bernardino, CA: Afori Publishing, 2016, p. 8-11.
4. ^{^} Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), DIenst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart Barbara Waarts, met naoorlogse aantekening “Valsch”.
5. ^{^} AFS, Getuigenverhalen I: Transcriptie interview Barbara Rodwell – Ledermann door David de Jongh en Teresien da Silva, 1 en 2 oktober 2008, p. 33 – 34, tijdcode 00:22:32 – 00:26:39. 
6. ^{^} AFS, Getuigenarchief Rodbell - Ledermann: Brief Otto Frank aan Barbara Ledermann, juni 1947 en antwoord van Barbara, 9 oktober 1947.
7. ^{^} United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington DC, “Identification card” #4191, Barbara Ledermann.
8. ^{^} https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/471142/barbara-ledermann (geraadpleegd 8 maart 2023).
9. ^{^} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart F.A. Ledermann (1889).

Barend Konijn

1899-04-14 | Amsterdam , Nederland
5-14-1964 | Amsterdam , Nederland

Barend Konijn was a fellow prisoner of Otto Frank in Auschwitz.

Barend^[1] Konijn was a fellow prisoner of Otto Frank in Auschwitz I, and a travelling companion during the repatriation via Odessa and Marseille.

Konijn was married to a non-Jewish woman and was therefore protected against deportation as having a 'mixed marriage'. On 25 June 1944, he was arrested in Heemstede because, according to him, he had refused to work at Schiphol.^[2]

Whether it is related to the above is not known, but on 7 July 1944 a Landwachter brought him to the police station on Leidseplein in Amsterdam. He needed medical attention.^[3]While he was under guard in the Wester Gasthuis (the name of the Wilhelmina Gasthuis at that time), he was freed in the morning of 18 July 1944. Three men in white coats entered the room and chloroformed the guard. They also took his pistol and cartridges..^[4]
On 25 July 1944, Konijn was arrested again in Andreas Schelfhoutstraat, this time by SD officer Pieter Schaap..^[5]

On 3 September 1944, Barend Konijn was on the transport from Westerbork to Auschwitz. As a mixed marriage man, he was given the registration number 195348. Mixed married couples had a better status than 'normal' Jewish prisoners. They were identifiable through a different numbering system and they were not selected for the gas chamber. In late October 1944, he was transferred to a sickbay barrack, where he stayed until the liberation of the camp on 27 January 1945.^[2] On 15 and 23 March 1945, with the help of the Polish Red Cross, he sent two postcards home.^[6] He went on the same repatriation trip as Otto Frank. On the way, it was his birthday, so Otto gave him white bread and butter.^[7]

Konijn was a partner in the canning and dried fruit trade De Winter & Konijn, with branches in Amsterdam and Rotterdam.^[8];^[9]

He acted as a reference during Otto Frank's naturalisation procedure.^[10]

Source personal data.^[11] Address: Parnassusweg 13-II, Amsterdam.^[11]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} According to his daughter Joséphine, he was also addressed as Bernard. In anonymous eulogy in her possession, the deceased is also addressed as “Bernard”. Property of Joséphine Konijn: eulogy read by a former fellow prisoner, probably S. van Thijn (23 November 1894), undated (May 1964).
2. ^{a, b} Privébezit Joséphine Konijn: Afschrift verklaring B. Konijn aan NRK, ingekomen 8 juni 1945.
3. ^{^} Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), archief Gemeentepolitie Amsterdam (toegang 5225), inv. nr. 6181: Rapport Leidseplein, 7 juli 1944, mut. 20.15 en 23.00 uur.
4. ^{^} SAA, Gemeentepolitie Amsterdam, inv. nr. 6181: Rapport Leidseplein, 18 juli 1944, mut. 10.20 uur.
5. ^{^} SAA, Gemeentepolitie Amsterdam, inv. nr. 2050: Rapport Hoofddorpplein, 25 juli 1944, mut. 11.00 uur.
6. ^{^} Privébezit Joséphine Konijn: Briefkaarten van B. Konijn, 15 en 23 maart 1945.
7. ^{^} Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA_040: Notitieboekje januari-3 juli 1945, 14 april 1945.
8. ^{^} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten (toegangsnummer. 5422): Gezinskaart B. Konijn.
9. ^{^} Naamlijst voor de interlocale telefoondienst, uitgegeven door het Hoofdbestuur der PTT, 1950. Raadpleegbaar via http://www.geneaknowhow.net/script/dewit/tel1950/ (februari 2016).
10. ^{^} Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, Ministerie van Justitie 1915 - 1955 (toegang 2.09.22), inv. nr 13402: Brief Otto Frank aan Mr. Th.H. de Meester, 9 februari 1946.
11. ^{a, b} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer. 30238): Archiefkaart B. Konijn.

Baudouin of Belgium

9-7-1930 | Brussel , België
7-31-1993 | Motril , Spanje

Baudouin was the crown prince of Belgium.

Prince Baudouin became King of Belgium in 1950, after his father Leopold III was forced to abdicate due to severe criticism of his conduct during the occupation. He married a Spanish princess in 1960.^[1]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Zie http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baudouin_of_Belgium (geraadpleegd juli 2012). Anne suggests that he might be married off to Princess Margaret. Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 21 April 1944, in: The Collected Works; transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.

Bella van der Wilk - Kohlweij

11-1-1925 | Amsterdam , Nederland
3-15-2019 | Deventer , Nederland

Bella Kohlweij was a classmate of Margot Frank at the Lyceum for Girls.

Bella Kohlweij was a classmate of Margot Frank at the Municipal Lyceum for Girls. She, Margot Frank, Jaaike van Bork and Anna Harting formed a rowing team, with Rozette van Gelder as their coach.^[1] They used the facilities of the VBWJ, an association that promoted watersports among young people. In 1941, Jews were banned from all sports activities, which prevented Rozette van Gelder and Margot from participating. In protest, the rest of the team refused to accept the new coach.^[2]

In 1944 Bella graduated from secondary school.^[3] She married Hans van der Wilk on 18 August 1952.^[4] Her husband died in 1973.^[5]

She never realised that Anne Frank was Margot's younger sister until she read her diary. Afterwards, she contacted Otto Frank. On 22 July 1967 she sent him a class photo and a lengthy letter, in which she described the rowing club's protest against the exclusion.^[2]

On 15 March 2011 she attended the opening of the temporary exhibition 'Margot, sister of Anne' at the Anne Frank House.^[6] She donated to the Anne Frank Foundation a diary from 1940, which included a drawing of the boat and the positions of the rowers.^[7] The drawing appears in the book Wie was wie?^[1]

Source personal data.^[8] Addresses: Derde Helmersstraat 68-II, Amsterdam; De Genestetstraat 13-15 (1929);^[9] Molenkamp 25, Bennekom.^[2]

Footnotes

1. ^{a, b} Aukje Vergeest, Wie was wie in en om het Achterhuis?, Amsterdam: Anne Frank Stichting, 2013, p. 53.
2. ^{a, b, c} AFS, Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), Otto Frank Archief (OFA), reg. code OFA_085: Bella van der Wilk – Kohlweij aan Otto Frank, 22 juli 1967.
3. ^{^} Louise C. Pont et al (red.), Gedenkboek ter gelegenheid van het 25-jarig bestaan van het Gemeentelijk Lyceum voor Meisjes te Amsterdam en het afscheid van Dr Margrita J. Freie als rectrix van deze school, Amsterdam, 1950, p. 109.
4. ^{^} Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart J.F.H. Kohlweij.
5. ^{^} Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Getuigenarchief, Bella van der Wilk – Kohlweij: Overlijdensbericht Bella Kohlweij, 15 maart 2019).
6. ^{^} AFS, Getuigenarchief Van der Wilk – Kohlweij: Brief aan Erika Prins (AFS), 16 maart 2011.
7. ^{^} AFS, AFC, reg. code B_Getuigen_I_043: dagboek S. (Bella) Kohlweij.
8. ^{^} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten (toegangsnummer 5422): Gezinskaart J.F.H. Kohlweij; AFS, Getuigenarchief, Bella van der Wilk - Kohlweij: Overlijdensbericht Bella Kohlweij, 15 maart 2019.
9. ^{^} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten (toegangsnummer 5422): Gezinskaart J.F.H. Kohlweij.

 

 

 

Benito Mussolini

1883-07-29 | Predappio , Italié
4-28-1945 | Guilino de Mezzegra , Italië

Benito Mussolini was the Fascist dictator of Italy from 1922 to 1943.

Mussolini was an Italian politician, educator, journalist and from 1922 to 1943 fascist dictator. He turned from a socialist to a fascist. In 1922, his supporters marched on Rome. The government fell and Mussolini became the new Prime Minister of Italy. Under Mussolini's regime, Italy attacked Abbysinia and Albania. Mussolini was an ally of Germany during the Second World War. On 25 July 1943, he was deposed and replaced by Badoglio.^[1] Freed from captivity, he returned for a short time. Eventually partisans shot him dead near Lake Como.^[2]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Anne Frank, Version B, 26 July 1943, in: The Collected Works; [transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty; transl. from the German language by Kirsten Warner and transl. from the Dutch language by Nancy Forest-Flier]. London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019. ISBN 978-1-4729-6491-5. See also: Version B, 10 August 1943.
2. ^{^} Zie http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benito_Mussolini (geraadpleegd november 2012).

Benno Brahn

1877-06-22 | Laurahütte , Duitsland
8-4-1954 | Amsterdam , Nederland

Benno Brahn was a business contact of Otto Frank.

Benno Brahn had a doctorate in natural sciences. He was a supervisory director and vice-chairman of the Supervisory Board of Sangostop.^[1] Otto Frank had business links with him.

Brahn married a non-Jewish woman in Berlin in 1921.^[2] This earned him the protected status of mixed marriage person during the German occupation. A classmate of Brahn's son, Konrad, wrote: "Brahn Sr. is a very kind, sensitive, gentle man, as is his wife, and they are like two balls of wax melted together.”^[3] Konrad was also a classmate of Willem Frederik Hermans.

On 28 April 1937, Brahn applied for a patent in the United States on the use of pectin in the administration of insulin by diabetics.^[4] On 20 February 1945, Canada also registered a patent for an insulin application, which Brahn invented, and which was owned by Thelopharm.^[5] Thelopharm was a sister company of Sangostop, of which Brahn's older brother Max was director in the 1930s.

Otto Frank had noted Brahn's phone number in his diaries from 1937 and 1946 to 1952.^[6]

Source personal data.^[2] Adressess: Fasanenstraße 58, Berlin (1931);^[7] Vondelstraat 25hs, Amsterdam (May 1934), Paulus Potterstraat 28 boven (Aug. 1934), Watteaustraat 14-II (April 1941).^[2]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} “Handelsregister. Wijzigingen November 1939”, Pharmaceutisch Weekblad. Orgaan van de Nederlandsche Maatschappij ter bevordering van de Pharmacie, 6 januari 1940.
2. ^{a, b, c} Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister; Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart B.B.A. Brahn.
3. ^{^} Willem Otterspeer, De mislukkingskunstenaar, Amsterdam: De Bezige Bij, 2013, p. 245.
4. ^{^} US Patent Office, patent 2.294.016 (https://www.google.com/patents/US2294016, geraadpleegd 5 juli 2017).
5. ^{^} Canadian Intellectual Property Office, http://brevets-patents.ic.gc.ca/opic-cipo/cpd/eng/patent/425759/summary.html, (geraadpleegd 14 juli 2017).
6. ^{^} Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, Otto Frank Archief, reg. codes OFA_001 en 003 t/m 009.
7. ^{^} Jüdisches Adressbuch für Gross-Berlin, Ausgabe 1931, Berlin: arani-Verlag GmbH, 1994, p. 45.

Bep Hofhuis - Timmermans

1898-07-23 | Tilburg , Nederland
1-14-1991 | Hilversum , Nederland

Bep Hofhuis was a friend of Edith Frank.

Elisabeth (Bep) Hofhuis was a friend of Edith Frank. She was the wife of Joop Hofhuis.^[1] She helped Edith Frank find her way around Dutch society in 1933 and helped with all kinds of practical matters, such as schools for the children.^[2] In 1935 her youngest son Frans was born. On the occasion, Edith wrote her a congratulatory note in Dutch.^[3]

Source personal data.^[4] Addresses: Singel 400, Amsterdam ('26); Noorder Amstellaan 125 I ('28); Johannes Geradtsweg 108, Hilversum.^[1]

Footnotes

1. ^{a, b} Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten (toegangsnummer. 5422): Gezinskaart J.A.W. Hofhuys (een eerder gecorrigeerde verschrijving is bij de digitalering opnieuw overgenomen).
2. ^{^} Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA_071: Otto Frank aan Alice Frank-Stern, 1 september 1945.
3. ^{^} Privébezit Frans Hofhuis, Edith Frank aan Bep Hofhuis, 30 juni 1935. De brief maakte deel uit van de tijdelijke tentoonstelling "Edith Frank - Holländer, moeder van Anne" in 2011.
4. ^{^} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten (toegangsnummer. 5422): Gezinskaart J.A.W. Hofhuys; Centraal Bureau voor Genealogie, Den Haag, Centraal archief van overledenen, Archiefkaart E.A.M. Timmermans.

Bernard Roozendaal

1885-03-14 | Amsterdam , Nederland
12-9-1956 | Amsterdam , Nederland

Bernard Roozendaal was a brother-in-law of Willy Kleiman, the brother of Johannes Kleiman.

Bernard Roozendaal was by his second marriage a brother-in-law of Willy Kleiman, the brother of Johannes Kleiman. According to the Amsterdam population register, he was a merchant and instructor.^[1] When mayor Plekker of Haarlem decided that all mixed marriage persons had to leave that city too, Willy arranged for his brother-in-law's family to live in Amsterdam's Antillenstraat.^[2] Bernard Roozendaal was a brother of Siegfried J. Roozendaal, who did business with Pectacon and who is mentioned in Anne's diary. The brothers had been separated for years, but came together again during the difficulties of the war years.^[3]

According to one of his sons, he was a chess friend of Pieter Paauwe, founder of Paauwe's Patent.

Roozendaal wrote a dialogue between Goebbels and Hitler, entitled Slotstuk van <Menschenjacht> 1942-1943 ('Final Scene of <Manhunt> 1942-1943'), 'inspired by Shakespeare'. He also wrote Een onuitgesproken cantate bij het tienjarig bestaan van de N.S.B. ('An unsung cantata on the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the N.S.B.').^[4] Both pieces undoubtedly appeared in print only after the liberation.

Source personal data.^[1] Addresses: Teding van Berkhoutstraat 132, Haarlem; Antillenstraat 5hs, Amsterdam (2 March '43).^[1]

Footnotes

1. ^{a, b, c} Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart B. Roozendaal.
2. ^{^} Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Getuigenarchief, Roozendaal: Telefoongesprek met dochter Greta Roozendaal, 22 december 2008.
3. ^{^} AFS, Getuigenarchief, Roozendaal:Telefoongesprek met zoon Fried Roozendaal, 15 december 2008.
4. ^{^} AFS, Anne Frank Collectie, reg. code A_Gies_I_125: Gedrukte gedichten van B. Roozendaal, Antillestraat 5.

Bernardina Cohen

1897-08-04 | Amsterdam , Nederland
7-2-1943 | Sobibor , Unkown Death Country

Bernardina Cohen was a teacher and head of the Sixth Montessori School.

Bernardina Cohen was head of school No. 51 for Preparatory Education (Montessori kindergarten) in Dintelstraat, which moved to Niersstraat 43 in 1934.^[1]

From 23 May 1934 until 1941^[2] she was a Fröbel teacher and Montessori lead teacher,^[3] and held the diploma 'Head of Preparatory Montessori Education'.^[4]

Bernardina Cohen is on a list of "Dismissed Jewish Teachers", marked "Rush 20-8" from August 1941.^[4] Her card in the population register was marked "(suspended with pay)".^[5]

She may be the teacher sitting at the back of the classroom in a picture of a kindergarten class with Anne, Hanneli Goslar and Irene Ceurvorst, among others.^[6]

Source personal data.^[5] Addresses: Deltastraat 12 huis, Amsterdam (’37);^[3] Uiterwaardenstraat 344-II, Amsterdam (juli ’40); Geulstraat 6-I, Amsterdam (juli ’41).^[5]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Anne Frank Stiching (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), reg. code A_Montessori_I_001: Handgeschreven notitie en schrijven Afdeling Onderwijs van de Gemeente Amsterdam, kenmerk O 2197, 28 april 1934, ingeplakt voorin inschrijfboek Zesde Montessorischool.
2. ^{^} AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Montessori_I_001: Inschrijfboek Zesde Montessorischool, handgeschreven notitie en schrijven voorin.
3. ^{a, b} Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten (toegangsnummer 5422): Gezinskaart B. Cohen.
4. ^{a, b} SAA, Afdeling Onderwijs en rechtsopvolgers (toegang 5191), inv. nr. 10830: lijst “Ontslagen Joodsche leerkrachten, d.d. 20 augustus 1942.
5. ^{a, b, c} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart B. Cohen.
6. ^{^} AFS, AFC, reg. code A_AFrank_III_055_067: Klassefoto School voor V.O. no. 51, 1934.

Berry Bloemendal

8-12-1929 | Den Haag , Nederland
10-1-1942 | Auschwitz , Unkown Death Country

Betty Bloemendal was a classmate of Anne Frank at the Jewish Lyceum.

Bertha Louise (Betty) Bloemendal was a classmate of Anne Frank at the Jewish Lyceum.^[1]  Betty was picked up from home in July '42 with her brother and mother. Her father was allowed to stay thanks to a doctor's certificate stating that he had TB. He would die of the disease in early '44 at a hiding place. Betty was a cousin of Philip Bloemendal, who later became the 'voice' of the Polygoon newsreel.^[2]

Source personal data.^[3] Address: Reinier Claeszenstraat 2 II, Amsterdam.^[3]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} NIOD Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocuast- en Genocidestudies, Archief 181e (W.S.H. Elte), inv. nr. 2f: Absentenregister klas 1LII Joods Lyceum, 1 maart – 17 juli 1942; Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 15 June 1942 and 21 September 1942, 1st, in: The Collected Works, transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.
2. ^{^} Dienke Hondius, "Betty Bloemendal uit Bos en Lommer, klasgenoot van Anne Frank", t.g.v. tentoonstelling in het Stadsdeelkantoor Bos en Lommer, 18 maart 2009.
3. ^{a, b} Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart B.L. Bloemendal.

 

Bertel Hess

2-14-1904 | Osnabrück , Duitsland
4-19-2000 | Unkown Death Place , USA

Bertel Hess was a cousin of Hermann van Pels.

Bertel Hess was a cousin of Hermann van Pels. Her mother was Ida Vorsänger, a sister of Hermann's mother Lina. Her father was Jonas Hess.^[1] In 1933 she left her birthplace and moved to Leeuwarden. From there she moved to the Jewish Invalid House in Amsterdam on 20 July 1933 as a linen maid.^[2] She stayed there for almost ten years.

As a child she played a lot with her cousin Clara van Pels, who was of a similar age. Later, in Amsterdam, she had mainly contact with her cousin Henny, who visited her weekly.^[3] Friend and colleague Lena Schrijver (1911-1943) took her to a house on Sarphatistraat. From there she was helped to Heemstede.^[4] There she was able to go into hiding with a family and made it to liberation..^[5]

On 23 September 1946, she received a certificate of good conduct from the municipality of Amsterdam, with a view to leaving to go abroad.^[6] Shortly afterwards, she left for the United States.^[7]

Source personal data.^[8] Addresses: Osnabrück; Leeuwarden; Nieuwe Achtergracht 98, Amsterdam (1933);^[2] Nieuwe Achtergracht 3-II, Amsterdam; Weesperplein 1, Amsterdam (1939); Jacob Obrechtstraat 92, Amsterdam (1945); Newark, USA (1947).^[7]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Peter Junk & Martina Sellmeyer, Stationen auf dem Weg nach Auschwitz. Entrechtung, Vertreibung, Vernichtung. Juden in Osnabrück 1900 – 1945, Bramsche: Rasch Verlag, 1988, p. 281.
2. ^{a, b} Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Archief van het Bevolkingsregister (toegang 5000), inv. nr. 2554: Gestichten, register nr. 14, blad 236, volgnr. 198.
3. ^{^} AFS, Getuigenarchief Freund – Hess: Interview 1997-03 22 Bertel Freund – Hess met correcties, p. 15.
4. ^{^} AFS, Getuigenarchief Freund – Hess: Interview 1997, p. 22.
5. ^{^} Junk & Sellmeyer, Stationen auf dem Weg nach Auschwitz, p. 282.
6. ^{^} AFS, Anne Frank Collectie, reg. code B_I_Getuigen_010: Verklaring van goed gedrag no. 15340, 23 september 1946.
7. ^{a, b} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart B. Hess.
8. ^{^} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart B. Hess; Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Getuigenarchief, Freund – Hess: Correspondentie 1 Hess, Bertel.

Bertus Hulsman

6-26-1918 | Amsterdam , Nederland
Unkown Death Date | Unkown Death Place , Unkown Death Country

Bertus Hulsman was engaged to Bep Voskuijl for a time.

Bertus Hulsman was engaged to Bep Voskuijl for some time. Anne wrote in her diary on 18 October 1942 that Bertus was going to Germany for work.^[1] He left for Berlin on 21 October 1942, together with his brothers Arie and Theodorus and his wife Gertrud Hulsman-Herms. Bertus, Theodorus and Gertrud went to work at AEG.^[2]

When The Secret Annex was published, he received a flyer for the book,with a note saying that he appeared in it as "Dirk". He sent it back, adding that he had ordered the book. Bertus was on Java at the time.^[3]

Bertus dated Bep. On 25 May 1944 Anne wrote that Bep and Bertus had become engaged.^[4] However, the relationship did not last.

Source personal data.^[5] Address: Hoofdweg 349 huis, Amsterdam.^[6]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 18 October 1943, in: The Collected Works, transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.
2. ^{^} Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Gemeente Arbeidsbeurs, inv. nr. 1358, scan A11672000058: Transportlijst van arbeiders die naar Duitsland gaan, 21 oktober 1942. En scans A11672000052 en 060.
3. ^{^} Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA_100.
4. ^{^} Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 25 May 1944, in: The Collected Works. See also Version A, 30 September 1942, 2nd, 22 October 1942, 2 November 1942, 2nd, 3 October 1944, and Version B, 9 October 1942.
5. ^{^} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart M.J. Hulsman (1880).
6. ^{^} SAA, Gemeente Arbeidsbeurs, inv. nr. 1358, scan A11672000058: Transportlijst van arbeiders die naar Duitsland gaan, 21 oktober 1942.

Betje Jakobs

6-9-1922 | Coevorden , Nederland
9-21-1978 | Unkown Death Place , Nederland

Betje Jakobs was imprisoned in camp Westerbork and Auschwitz together with the people in hiding from the Secret Annex. In the infirmary hut of Auschwitz-Birkenau she witnessed the death of Edith Frank.

Betje (Betty/Bep) Jakobs was born on 9 June 1922 in Coevorden as the eldest daughter of the Jewish couple Herman Israël Jakobs (1896-1945) and Sophie ten Brink (1899-1945). Her sister Minna was born on 18 August 1925,^[1] a year later on 28 August 1926 her brother Israel.^[2] The family lived at Koestraat 25a in Zwolle. .^[3]

In 1942, the family went into hiding with milkman Dekker in Zwolle for a while. Due to unknown circumstances, the family had to leave there and they eventually went into hiding on Prinses Julianastraat (then Louise de Colignystraat).^[4] On 25 August 1944, Betje was discovered and arrested together with her parents, brother and sister.^[5] The family arrived at camp Westerbork via Arnhem and Velp on 29 August 1944. There they ended up in penal barrack 67, where the people from the Secret Annex were also interned from 8 August 1944.^[6]

Auschwitz-Birkenau

Just like the eight people from the Secret Annex, Betje Jakobs and her family were deported to Auschwitz concentration and extermination camp on 3 September 1944.^[6] They arrived there on the night of 5-6 September 1944. After the selections, where the men and women were separated, registration followed. She got the number A25149 tattooed on her forearm.^[5]

In the camp the women had to do pointless forced labor. In June 1945, Betje Jakobs told the Zwolsch Nieuws- en Advertentieblad about this: ‘Our first job was to carry heavy basalt stones miles away to some construction site, but it was nothing more than bullying, because the next day we had to pick up those heavy pieces of rubble and trudge back again.’^[7]

Selections followed around 21 October 1944, during which she was first separated from her mother and then from her sister. After these selections, the work became harder: 'Digging canals and closing them again. Then I got sick, a kind of dysentery.’^[7] She ended up in the sick huts and witnessed Edith Frank's death there. On 2 August 1945, Betje told the employees of the Dutch Red Cross that she 'had seen Mrs. Frank from Amsterdam, where her husband owned the Opekta company, die right there near me.'^[8]

Liberation

On 27 January 1945, Betje Jakobs was liberated from Auschwitz, but she was more dead than alive. She was sick and weighed only 28 kilos. Initially, she was put on a death list.^[9] But as she herself said: 'The Russians already came to collect my body (...). However, they were a bit too early, because I was still showing signs of life. But it would end soon... And yet... as if by divine miracle I recovered.'^[5]

Betje Jakobs was the only one from the Jakobs family to survive the war. Once back in Zwolle, she stayed with the Bieringa family for a while and tried to get back the items that had been entrusted to a neighbour. However, these appeared to have been sold. On 11 October 1946, Betje confirmed that she agreed to the settlement of 975 guilders.^[10]

In the summer of 1953, Betje Jakobs married David Zendijk (1923-1970).^[11] Together they had two daughters.

Source personal data.^[12]

Bettina Holländer

1898-05-22 | Eschweiler , Duitsland
9-22-1914 | Aken , Duitsland

Bettina Holländer was an older sister of Edith Frank.

Bettina Holländer was an older sister of Edith Frank. Bettina died at the address Lütticherstrasse 110.^[1] The Franziskus Hospital had been located there since the mid-nineteenth century.^[2]

Her cousin Selma Hartog wrote to Otto Frank in 1958 that in her opinion Bettina was also a victim of the First World War, because the hospital was only prepared to admit her under extreme pressure from the family doctor. But by then it was already too late.^[3] This letter does not say the illness or disease of which Bettina died.

Source personal data.^[1]

Footnotes

1. ^{a, b} Standesamt Aachen, Overlijdensakte register C, nr. 1612, 23 september 1914 (kopie bij: Anne Frank Stichting, afd. Collecties, Documentatie Holländer. De datum 22 mei komt uit: Melissa Müller, Anne Frank. De biografie, 5e, geh. herz. dr., Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 2013, p. 469.
2. ^{^} Zie http://www.franziskus-hospital.de/unserklinikum/unsere-geschichte/ (geraadpleegd juni 2014).
3. ^{^} Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA_073: brief van Selma Hartog aan Otto Frank, 17 maart 1958.

Bloeme Evers - Emden

7-5-1926 | Amsterdam , Nederland
7-18-2016 | Herzliya , Israël

Bloeme Emden was a classmate of Margot's at the Jewish Lyceum. She met the Frank family in Westerbork and Auschwitz.

In Westerbork, the eight people in hiding met all sorts of people, both familiar and new, who after the war testified about their encounters with Anne, Margot, Edith, Otto, Peter, Hermann, Auguste and Fritz. One of them was Bloeme Emden, a former classmate of Margot.^[1]

Bloeme Emden was born on 5 July 1926 in Amsterdam to a warm and politically aware family.^[2] She had a six years younger sister Via Roosje Emden (1932-1943) and lived at Lutmastraat 194 II in Amsterdam.^[3] Bloeme grew up in an almost entirely Jewish environment, although her parents were not religiously Jewish.

Anti-Jewish measures

In 1941, because of the anti-Jewish measures, Bloeme, like other Jewish pupils, had to go to the Jewish Lyceum. There she came into contact for the first time with Margot Frank, who was in her parallel class. Bloeme also remembered Anne Frank, but because of the age difference they did not get involved with each other much.^[4]

In 1942, when the deportations started, the classes at the Jewish Lyceum became increasingly empty. In July 1942, Bloeme, like Margot Frank, received a summons to report for work in Germany.^[5] Her father Emanuel Emden (1889-1943) was so desperate that he went to the Zentralstelle für Jüdische Auswanderung and arranged a sperre (temporary exemption) for his daughter.^[2]

In May 1943 Bloeme was taken away from home and taken to the Hollandsche Schouwburg. She managed to avoid being registered and could escape by walking with the children to the crèche across the street and by running with the tram that blocked the view from the theatre. Through friends of her parents' she managed to go into hiding.

Imprisoned

After fifteen hiding places, she was arrested in August 1944 when the resistance group she was with was betrayed. Bloeme had been in hiding for a total of 15 months before she arrived in Westerbork, where she met the Frank family again.^[6]

Just like the eight people in hiding in the Secret Annex, Bloeme was transported to Auschwitz concentration camp on 3 September 1944. There Bloeme ended up in the same barracks as Anne, Margot and Edith Frank.^[2]

In the barracks Bloeme formed a group with thirteen Dutch women, including Lenie de Jong-van Naarden. The group was able to support each other and helped each other whenever possible. Anne, Margot and Edith Frank were also regular visitors and Bloeme remembered that the three of them were always together.^[7]

Bloeme could still remember the last time she had seen the Frank family:

"There had been another selection. I spoke to Mrs. Frank with Margot; Anne was somewhere else, she had Krätze. (...) So Anne couldn't come with our group, and Mrs. Frank, seconded by Margot, said: 'And of course we're going with her.' I remember nodding, that I understood that. That was the last I saw of them."^[8]

Bloeme, along with 50 other Dutch Jewish women, was transferred at the end of October 1944 to an Arbeitslager in Libau, Upper Silesia, where she had to perform forced labour.^[9] The women worked six and a half days a week and were free on Sunday afternoons. Bloeme remembered that during those free hours, songs were sung that Rozette (Ronnie) van Cleef (1921-2008) wrote to opera and operetta melodies.^[10]

They were liberated there on 8 May 1945: "on the first sunny day in May."^[11]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Zie https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloeme_Evers-Emden (geraadpleegd 18 augustus 2023).
2. ^{a, b, c} Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Getuigenarchief, Interview Bloeme Evers-Emden, 11 maart 2010.
3. ^{^} Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart Emanuel Emden.
4. ^{^} Willy Lindwer, De laatste zeven maanden. Vrouwen in het spoor van Anne Frank, Hilversum: Gooi & Sticht, 1988, p. 130.
5. ^{^} Anne Frank, Dagboek Dagboek A, 8 juli 1942, in: Verzameld werk, Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2013. Op zaterdag 4 juli 1942 verstuurde de Zentralstelle zulke oproepen aan duizend vooral Duitse en deels heel jonge Joden. Deze jongeren moeten zonder hun ouders vertrekken. L. de Jong, Het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden in de Tweede Wereldoorlog, Deel VI: juli '42 -Mei '43, eerste helft, 's-Gravenhage: Nijhoff, 1975, p. 5.
6. ^{^} Lindwer, De laatste zeven maanden, p. 132-134.
7. ^{^} Lindwer, De laatste zeven maanden, p. 143.
8. ^{^} Lindwer, De laatste zeven maanden, p. 142-143.
9. ^{^} Lindwer, De laatste zeven maanden, p. 138, ZIe ook https://smolinski.nl/wp/blog/2016/04/29/krachtbronnen-en-anne-frank/ (geraadpleegd 10 augustus 2022).
10. ^{^} Lindwer, De laatste zeven maanden, p. 139; AFS, Getuigenarchief. Interview Bloeme Everts-Emden, 11-maart 2010.
11. ^{^} Bloeme was the only one of her family to survive the war. Lindwer, De laatste zeven maanden, p. 145.

Bora Delden

11-30-1923 | Amsterdam , Nederland
6-23-1945 | Marseille , Frankrijk

Bora Delden was the sister of Stella Delden, the daughter-in-law of Mrs Stoppelman, the landlady of Jan and Miep Gies.

Debora (Bora) Delden was the sister of Stella Stoppelman-Delden,^[1] the daughter-in-law of Mrs. Stoppelman (landlady of Jan and Miep Gies). She was a costume seamstress.^[2] Together with her sister and brother-in-law Stoppelman, she went into hiding in Laren. According to her brother-in-law, during a conflict between the person who took them into hiding and her son, she sided with the mother.^[3] 

They were arrested on 12 April 1944.^[3] In Westerbork she also found her brother and younger sister. The family went together on a transport.^[4] Otto Frank noted "Borah Delden" in his notebook on 12 March 1945.^[5] Debora Delden died on board the Monowai and was buried in Marseille.^[6]  She therefore made the same return journey — until Marseille — as Otto Frank.

Source personal data.^[2] Addresses: Waterlooplein 150-152, Amsterdam; Rijnstraat 209 II (’41).^[2]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister: Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart S. Delden (’88). Is referred to by Anne as: S's sister. Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 17 April 1944, in: The Collected Works, transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.
2. ^{a, b, c} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister: Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart D. Delden.
3. ^{a, b} USC Shoa Foundation - The Institute for Visual History and Education: Interview Meier Stoppelman, nr. 3780, tijdcode 01.13.00. Geraadpleegd in de Mediatheek van het Joods Historisch Museum.
4. ^{^}  USC Shoa Foundation, M. Stoppelman, 3780, 01.19.00.
5. ^{^} Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie, Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA_040: Notitieboekje Otto Frank.
6. ^{^} AFS, Getuigenarchief, Stoppelman: M. Stoppelman aan Hans Westra, 25 augustus 1999.

Bram Asscher

8-28-1924 | Amsterdam , Nederland
Unkown Death Date | Unkown Death Place , Unkown Death Country

Bram Asscher was a classmate of Margot Frank at the Jewish Lyceum, Amsterdam. He wrote a letter from camp Westerbork to his mother in which he mentions seeing Margot and her family.

In 1941-1942, Abraham (Bram) Asscher was a classmate of Margot Frank in class 4b2 at the Jewish Lyceum, Amsterdam. Together with his brother Jeannot, he was in camp Westerbork from 29 September 1943 to 13 September 1944.^[1] Although he was not in the punishment barracks, during this period he saw Margot and her family in the camp and wrote about it to his mother.

Bram Asscher was a nephew (the son of a brother) of Abraham Asscher of the Jewish Council. His mother, Stephanie Fischer, remarried a non-Jew after the death of her first husband (Bram's father). As a result, she had a Sperre — an exemption from deportation — as a mixed marriage. Her sons, however, as children of two Jewish parents, did not have this protection. Together with his brother Jeannot, Bram was transported to the Westerbork transit camp on 29 September 1943. On 13 September 1944 he was deported as part of the 'diamond group' to the Sternlager of Bergen-Belsen concentration camp. Both brothers survived the camps and were liberated in Hillesleben in May 1945.^[1]

Letter

Bram was in Westerbork in the 'free' camp section. He was allowed to write a letter or two every fourteen days and to receive parcels. On 25 August 1944, Bram wrote to his mother from Westerbork that Margot, Anne and their parents had been locked up in the punishment barracks in camp Westerbork: 'Mama, do you know that Margot is here? That friend of Trees. You remember her, don't you? She's in the S with her parents and sister. Very sad!' Bram also thanked his mother in the letter for the beautiful toothbrush and other items.^[2]

This letter is one of the few personal sources which refer to the presence of the Frank family in Westerbork.

According to Ina Polak, he married Trees Lek..^[3] It is not known when.

Source personal data.^[4] Addresses: Beethovenstraat 122 II, Amsterdam (’36); Stadionkade 41 hs (’41).^[5]

Footnotes

1. ^{a, b} Joodse Raad kaart Abraham Asscher, Document ID: 130252763, Arolsen Archives, https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/document/130252763 (10-11-2022).
2. ^{^} Herinneringscentrum Kamp Westerbork, RA 1090, Bram Asscher aan familie D.L. Tollenaar, 24 augustus 1944. Zie ook: Eva Moraal, Als ik morgen niet op transport ga... Kamp Westerbork in beleving en herinnering, Amsterdam: De Bezige Bij, 2014, p. 363.
3. ^{^}  E-mail van Dienke Hondius, 26 februari 2012.
4. ^{^} Referred to by Anne as Bram. Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 23 March 1944, in: Anne Frank, The Collected Works, transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty. - London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.
5. ^{^} Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart Stephanie Fischer.

Branca Nieuwenburg - Boom

4-17-1912 | Amsterdam , Nederland
12-20-2004 | Unkown Death Place , Unkown Death Country

Branca Boom was a sister-in-law of Miep Gies.

Branca Boom was a sister-in-law of Miep Gies. She married Miep's foster brother Gerard Nieuwenburg on 19 August 1936. Sister-in-law Miep and brother-in-law Simon Zilverberg were witnesses.^[1]

From 1935 to 1937, Branca, in her own words, worked at Opekta. In 2002 she wrote some short memories, including: "Otto Frank and his family were very kind and civilized people. Anne was often in the office, I worked there from 1935 to 1937 I always enjoyed working there." After she left the office, contact between them grew less; she knew nothing about the hiding period.^[2]

Her brother Jacob (1916) said at the funeral that as the eldest child she worked hard in the time of crisis to ensure that her brothers and herself had a good education.^[3]

Source personal data.^[4] Addresses: Vrolikstraat 30-I, Amsterdam; Granaatstraat 8-II (1925);^[5]Trompenburgerstraat 18-II (1936); Slochterwaard 236, Alkmaar (1976).^[5]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Burgerlijke Stand (toegangsnummer 5009), inv. nr. 6386: Register van huwelijksakten 1936, deel 27, 73f, akte 140.
2. ^{^} Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Getuigenarchief Nieuwenburg – Boom: Herinneringen Branca Boom.
3. ^{^} AFS, Getuigenarchief Nieuwenburg – Boom: Tekst bij uitvaart van Jacob Boom, 20 december 2004.
4. ^{^} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart B. Boom; AFS, Getuigenarchief Branca Nieuwenburg – Boom: Brief L. Koning, Alkmaar, aan Anne Frank Stichting, 3 maart 2010. Misschien verwart de buurman datum van overlijden en van uitvaart (zie ook noot 3).
5. ^{a, b} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten (toegangsnummer 5422): Gezinskaart S. Boom (1882).

Buddy Elias

6-2-1925 | Frankfurt am Main , Duitsland
3-16-2015 | Bazel , Zwitserland

Buddy Elias was a first cousin of Anne and Margot Frank.

Bernd Paul Eric Elias (Buddy) was the son of Leni Frank, a sister of Otto Frank, and first cousin of Anne and Margot.^[1] Anne fantasised in her diary about a career as an ice dancer together with her cousin Buddy.^[2] There are some photographs of Buddy from 1940-41, in which he is depicted as an 'ice clown'.^[3] He became an actor in later years, and travelled the world with the 'Holiday on Ice' revue, among others.^[4]

Source personal data.^[5] Address: Herbstgasse 11, Basel (’41).^[5]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy_Elias (geraadpleegd 18 augustus 2023). For the life story of Buddy Elias, see: Mirjam Pressler & Gert Elias, Treasures from the attic : the extraordinary story of Anne Frank's family, New York, NY: Doubleday, 2011. Also see: Dineke Stam, "'I would have loved to go skating with her' : from a conversation with Buddy Elias, the cousin of Anne Frank", in: Anne Frank Magazine 2000, p. 4-9.
2. ^{^} Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 1 October - 1 November 1942, in: The Collected Works, transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019. See also: Diary Version A, 19 - 30 June 1942.
3. ^{^} Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, reg. code A_AFrank_III_055: ‘Blanco Monster Electro Huishoudboek 1937’, p. 41, 45.
4. ^{^} Familiearchief Anne Frank-Fonds (AFF), Bazel, Stephan Elias, AFF_StE_corr_03.
5. ^{a, b} AFF, Erich Elias, AFF_ErE_odoc_07: Formulier ‘Bürgerrechtsbureau’, gestempeld 17 oktober 1941.

Carry van Bruggen

1881-01-01 | Smilde , Nederland
11-16-1932 | Laren , Nederland

Carry van Bruggen was a Dutch writer and sister of Jacob Israël de Haan.

Carry van Bruggen was a Dutch writer.^[1] Born as Carolina Lea de Haan, she was the sister of Jacob Israël de Haan (Dutch writer, poet, publicist and jurist). For some years, she was married to Kees van Bruggen, whose name she continued to use. In 1919, she wrote Prometheus, een bijdrage tot het begrip der ontwikkeling van het Individualisme in de Literatuur ('Prometheus, a Contribution to the Understanding of the Development of Individualism in Literature').^[1] She was a resident of Laren, so the local press published an extensive obituary and a report of the funeral. The fact that the mayor was not present at the funeral led to a small debate in the town council.^[2] Anne Frank read Carry van Bruggen's writing in the Secret Annex.^[3]

Footnotes

1. ^{a, b} Zie http://dbnl.nl/tekst/bork001nede01_01/bork001nede01_01_0209.php (geraadpleegd juni 2014).
2. ^{^}  Laarder Courant de Bel, 18, 22 en 25 november 1932.
3. ^{^} Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 19-21 April 1944 (Secret code), in: The Collected Works,  transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.

 

Catharina Elisabeth ten Cate

1881-03-09 | Mannheim , Duitsland
10-27-1949 | Amsterdam , Nederland

Catharina ten Cate was a teacher of Miep Gies in the school year 1923 - '24.

Catharina ten Cate was a teacher^[1] of Miep Gies in the school year 1923 - ’24.

In 1901 she was appointed teacher at School 109. Starting in 1907, she worked as a teacher at the Bouman School.^[2]Years later, she had Hermine Santrouschitz (= Miep Gies) in her class for a while. On her report card for school year 1923 - '24 she noted: 'Proceeds without exam to 4th yr U.L.O.'^[3]

In 1925, she became principal of the Amalia School. In 1929, she was transferred to the Admiralengracht School, which she left in 1938 when she failed the medical.^[4]

Source personal data.^[5] Address: Reijnier Vinkeleskade 37-I, Amsterdam.^[1]

Footnotes

1. ^{a, b} Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten (toegangsnummer 5422): Gezinskaart C.E. ten Cate.
2. ^{^} SAA, Gemeentelijk Pensioenbureau (toegangsnummer 5175), inv. nr. 1968: Pensioenkaart C.E. ten Cate.
3. ^{^} Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, reg. code A_Gies_I_031:  Rapport van Hermine Santrouschitz schooljaar 1923/24.
4. ^{^} SAA, Afdeling Onderwijs en rechtsvoorgangers (toegangsnummer 5191), inv. nr. 9854: Stamkaarten vast personeel, C.E. ten Cate.
5. ^{^} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart C.E. ten Cate.

Catharina van der Horst - Rambonnet

1892-02-10 | Velp , Nederland
Unkown Death Date | Unkown Death Place , Unkown Death Country

Mrs. Van der Horst - Rambonnet was an acquaintance of Jan and Miep Gies.

Catharina van der Horst - Rambonnet She was married to Dr. Hendrik van der Horst, director of N.V. Ing. bur. Lemet Chromium in Hilversum.^[1] In that company, she held the position of Supervisory Director.^[2] She took Mrs. Stoppelman into hiding in 1942.^[3] Her second son Kuno Lodewijk went into hiding with Miep and Jan Gies in Hunzestraat.^[4]

Source personal data.^[1] Addresses: Alexanderlaan 22, Hilversum;^[1] Diependaalselaan 27 (now 114).^[5]

Footnotes

1. ^{a, b, c} H.P. van den Aardweg, J.P.J.C. Hüllstrung (red.), Persoonlijkheden in het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden in woord en beeld. Nederlanders en hun werk, Amsterdam: Van Holkema & Warendorf, 1938, p. 700.
2. ^{^} Laarder Courant de Bel, 25 mei 1937.
3. ^{^} Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 10 October 1942, 1st, in: The Collected Works, transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.
4. ^{^} Anne Frank Stichting, Getuigenarchief, Gies, Miep: Jan Gies in interview 1992.
5. ^{^} Schriftelijke mededeling Publiekszaken Gemeente Hilversum, september 2001.

Charles Dickens

1812-02-07 | Landport , Groot-Brittannië
1870-06-09 | Higham , Groot-Brittannië

Charles Dickens was a British writer whose books Otto Frank read in the Secret Annex.

Charles Dickens (1812-1870) was the author of books including David Copperfield and The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club.^[1] When the people in hiding had to be quiet, Otto Frank preferred to read the books of Charles Dickens.^[2]

Footnotes

1. ^{^}  Zie verder: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Dickens.
2. ^{^} Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 4 March 1944, in: The Collected Works, transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.

 

Charles de Gaulle

1890-11-22 | Rijsel , Frankrijk
7-9-1970 | Colombey-les-Deux-Églises , Frankrijk

General de Gaulle was leader of the Free French Movement during the Second World War.

De Gaulle was a soldier, politician and president. From 1913, De Gaulle^[1] was a French soldier, and in 1916 he was taken prisoner of war by the Germans at the Battle of Verdun. When, in June 1940, Marshal Petain wanted to conclude an armistice with the Germans, De Gaulle ran away to England. He was therefore sentenced to death for desertion by the new French government in Vichy. De Gaulle was the leader of the Free French. After the Allied invasion of North Africa, he established his headquarters in Algiers. Although he joined the Allies, there remained a distance between the general and his allies.^[2]

On 6 June 1944, Reuters news agency reported De Gaulle's arrival in England.^[3] On 10 June he was received by Queen Wilhelmina.^[4]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Anne refers to him as de Gaul. Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 6 June 1944, in: The Collected Works, transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.
2. ^{^} Zie http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle (geraadpleegd mei 2012).
3. ^{^} Nieuwsblad van het Noorden, 7 juni 1944.
4. ^{^} Amigoe di Curaçao, 12 juni 1944.

Charlotte Kaletta

6-16-1908 | Ilmenau , Duitsland
6-13-1986 | Amsterdam , Nederland

Charlotte Kaletta was the girlfriend of Fritz Pfeffer.

Charlotte Kaletta was the girlfriend of Fritz Pfeffer.^[1] She came to the Netherlands by train via Oldenzaal on 29 December 1938, and went back to Berlin on 30 January 1939. On 30 March 1939, she came to the Netherlands again, via Zevenaar. From June 19 to July 1, she stayed in Brussels, and came back via Roosendaal.^[2] Due to the Nuremberg laws, she could not marry Fritz Pfeffer in Germany. Nor could she do so in the Netherlands because of an international treaty dating from 1902.^[3] In 1953, the Berlin Senator für Justiz decided to retroactively recognise as legally valid the marriages that had been made impossible. In the case of Charlotte Kaletta, the date of marriage was set at 31 May 1937.^[4]

Source personal data.^[5] Addresses: Pariserstrasse 21-22, Berlin; Daniël Willinkplein 23, Amsterdam; Brussels; Rivierenlaan 270 I, Amsterdam (at the Meijer-Schuster residence, 15 May 1940).^[2]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Anne refers to her as Mrs Pfeffer. Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 14 juni 1942, in: The Collected Works, transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019. See also Diary Version A, 22 December 1943, 15 April 1944, 17 April 1944; Diary Version B, 1 May 1943.
2. ^{a, b} Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Gemeentepolitie Amsterdam, inv. nr. 4171: Vreemdelingenkaart M.C. Kaletta.
3. ^{^} "Het Duitsche Ariërshuwelijksverbod sluit een huwelijk in Nederland uit", Het Vaderland, 17 september 1935 (avondeditie).
4. ^{^} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart F. Pfeffer.
5. ^{^} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart C.M. Kaletta.

Christina Voskuijl - Sodenkamp

1899-07-11 | Amsterdam , Nederland
6-19-1990 | Amsterdam , Nederland

Christina Sodenkamp was the mother of Bep Voskuijl.

Christina Sodenkamp was the mother of Bep Voskuijl.^[1] She married Johan Voskuijl on 20 February 1919 and together they had seven children.^[2]

In June '47 Otto Frank sent Mrs Voskuijl a copy of The Secret Annex with an accompanying letter in which he wrote that her husband — by that time deceased — had been a great help to the people in hiding. She wrote a letter of thanks on 1 August.^[3]

Source personal data.^[2] Addresses: Lumeijstraat 18 II, Amsterdam (’33); 18 I (Nov. ’44).^[2]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Anne refers to her as her mother. Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 25 May 1944, in: The Collected Works, transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.
2. ^{a, b, c} Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart C. Sodenkamp.
3. ^{^} Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA_100.

Cissy van Marxveldt

1889-11-24 | Oranjewoud , Nederland
10-31-1948 | Bussum , Nederland

Cissy van Marxveldt was a Dutch writer whose books Anne Frank read.

Cissy van Marxveldt (pen name of Setske Beek-de Haan) was a Dutch writer^[1] whose books Anne Frank read in the Secret Annex. From 1915 she published in Panorama. She married Leo Beek in 1916. In 1919 the first part of the successful Joop ter Heul series appeared. For Anne, Van Marxveldt's books were a source of pleasure and inspiration. She regularly writes about them in her diary, and introduces a kind of private Jopopinoloekico club.^[2]

The phone number of Cissy van Marxveldt ('van Beek, Bussum') was in Otto Frank's diary for 1946. ^[3]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Monica Soeting, Cissy van Marxveldt: een biografie, Proefschrift Universiteit Groningen, 2017. Zie ook: http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cissy_van_Marxveldt (geraadpleegd 28 oktober 2011).
2. ^{^}  Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 28 September 1942 (10th), 4 and 6 October 1942, in: The Collected Works, transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.
3. ^{^} Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA__003: Agenda Otto Frank 1946.

Clara Ehbrecht

7-6-1910 | Amsterdam , Nederland
Unkown Death Date | Unkown Death Place , Unkown Death Country

Clara Ehbrecht was on the same transport as the Frank family from Westerbork to Auschwitz. After the liberation, she made the repatriation trip via Odessa to the Netherlands, just like Otto Frank.

Clara Ehbrecht was a camp mate of the Frank family. She was a half sister of Gerdina Selma Gendering.^[1] Her profession was nurse, with the qualifications 'the white cross' (basic nurse), 'little stork' (maternity nurse) and 'the black cross' (psychiatric nurse). Under this last qualification, she worked in the 'Apeldoornsche Bos' before 1935.^[2]

Between 1935 and 1953 she lived at many different addresses in Amsterdam, including the address of the Central Israeli Hospital, the Jewish Old People's Home, the Portuguese-Israeli Hospital and the Jewish Invalid Home.^[3]

On 21 August 1944, she was arrested by SD detective Maarten Spaans from The Hague. As a member of the Documentation Department of the The Hague police, Spaans was a notorious 'Jew hunter'.^[4] He delivered her to the Linnaeusstraat office in Amsterdam. In anticipation of being transported to The Hague, an officer brought her to the Amsterdam Headquarters.^[5] She was locked up there.^[6] 

She was part of the transport from Westerbork to Auschwitz on 3 September 1944. Despite the fact that her father was not Jewish, she had no protected status and belonged to the common 'Häftlinge’.^[7] According to her, she was in the same carriage as the Frank family and stayed in the same barrack in Auschwitz-Birkenau with Edith, Margot and Anne Frank. After the liberation, she made the repatriation trip via Odessa to the Netherlands, just like Otto Frank.^[8]

In 1955 she married the Polish Holocaust survivor Abram Bergerfraint.^[3] After Otto Frank's death, she signed the book of condolence at the Anne Frank House in 1980, briefly mentioning her connection with the Frank family.^[8]

Source personal data.^[9] Addresses: Amsterdam; Apeldoorn; Jacob Obrechtstraat 92, Amsterdam (CIZ, 1935 – ‘39); Nieuwe Kerkstraat 135, Amsterdam (Joodse Oudelieden Gesticht - Jewish Old People's Home), 1939 – ’40); Plantage Franschelaan 8, Amsterdam (PIZ, 1944); Weesperplein 1, Amsterdam (JI, 1946 – ’53).^[10]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegansnummer 30238): Archiefkaarten C.W.E.H. Ehbrecht en G.S. Gendering, beiden dochters van Leentje Gendering.
2. ^{^} Arolsen Archives - International Center on Nazi Persecution, Bad Arolsen: Joodse-Raadkaart C.W.E.H. Ebrecht, toegankelijk via https://collections.arolsen-archives.org (geraadpleegd 22 augustus 2019).
3. ^{a, b} SAA, DIenst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart C.W.E.H. Ehbrecht.
4. ^{^} L. de Jong, Het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden in de Tweede Wereldoorlog VI. Juli ’42 – Mei ’43, Den Haag: Martinus Nijhoff, 1975, p. 328.
5. ^{^} SAA, Gemeentepolitie Amsterdam (toegangsnummer 5225), inv. nr. 6283: Rapporten bureau Linnaeusstraat, 21 augustus 1944, mut. 16.10 uur.
6. ^{^} SAA, Gemeentepolitie Amsterdam, inv. nr. 7202: fouilleringsregister 21 augustus 1944, mut. 17.45 uur.
7. ^{^} Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, Oorlogsarchief Nederlandse Rode Kruis (toegang?), inv. nr.
8. ^{a, b} Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA_066: Condoleanceregister voor Otto Frank, 1980.
9. ^{^} SAA, Burgerlijke Stand (toegangsnummer 5009), inv. nr. 7632: Register van geboorteakten, deel 13, 13v, akte 7353.
10. ^{^} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Persoonskaarten (toegangsnummer 30408): Persoonskaart C.W.E.H. Ebrecht.

Clara van Pels

8-31-1900 | Gehrde , Duitsland
4-30-1943 | Sobibor , Unkown Death Country

Clara van Pels was a younger sister of Hermann van Pels.

Clara van Pels was one of six children born to Aaron and Lina van Pels. She married the dentist Herbert Leeser on 21 March 1925 in Osnabrück. Her father and her brother Hermann were witnesses.^[1]  She lost her Dutch nationality through this marriage. On 25 December 1925, in Elberfeld, she had a daughter, Trude.^[2] The marriage ended in divorce in 1933.^[1]

She left Osnabrück in 1938 and settled in Bloemendaal. In May 1940 she moved in with her father and her sister Henny in Amsterdam.^[3] By profession she was a solicitor,^[1] and later a maid and housekeeper.^[4]

In 1941, Clara applied to the municipality of Amsterdam for a certificate of good conduct and a declaration of Dutch citizenship. Both documents were needed because of an intended marriage.^[5] The issuing of a declaration of Dutch citizenship seems to indicate that she acquired that nationality again after her divorce. On 2 July 1941 she married Günther Neumann in Amsterdam. Witnesses to the marriage were her father Aaron van Pels and the father of her sister-in-law Auguste, Leo Röttgen.^[6] What the consequences of marrying a Jewish German were is not certain. Most probably Clara lost her Dutch citizenship again and eventually became stateless.^[7]

She died in Sobibor with her husband.^[8] Her daughter Trude survived nine concentration camps and later moved to Brazil.^[9]

Source personal data.^[4] Addresses: Am Domhof 8, Osnabrück; Merellaan 9, Bloemendaal (Sept. 1938); Minervalaan 49-I, Amsterdam (May 1940); Schubertstraat 46hs (Sept. 1941).^[4]

Footnotes

1. ^{a, b, c} Niedersächsischen Landesarchiv, afdeling Osnabrück, Standesamt Osnabrück, Rep 492, nr. 698: huwelijksakten 1925, nr. 84.
2. ^{^} Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten: Archiefkaart G. Neumann (1900); SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Woningkaarten, toegang 5445, inv. nr. 321: Woningkaart Schubertstraat 46 huis geheel.
3. ^{^} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Woningkaarten (toegangsnummer 5445), inv. nr. 233: Woningkaart Minervalaan 49-I.
4. ^{a, b, c} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart C. van Pels.
5. ^{^} SAA, Secretarie, afdeling Algemene Zaken (toegang 5181), inv. 7645: indicateur van aanvragen van verklaringen van Nederlanderschap en goed gedrag 1941, volgnrs. 3026 en 4976.
6. ^{^} SAA, Burgerlijke Stand (toegang 5009), inv. nr. 6675: register van huwelijksakten 1941, deel 20, 8v, nr. 15.
7. ^{^} Zie noot 4. De aanduiding “Ned.” is doorgehaald.
8. ^{^} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaarten C. van Pels en G. Neumann.
9. ^{^} Anne Frank Stichting, Getuigenarchief: Correspondentie met T. Heymann-Leeser, Sao Paolo.

Claus von Stauffenberg

11-15-1907 | Jettingen , Duitsland
7-21-1944 | Berlijn , Duitsland

Claus von Stauffenberg carried out an unsuccessful attack on Hitler.

Stauffenberg (1907-1944)  joined the Reichswehr in 1926 and became a lieutenant in 1930. In 1939 he took part in the campaign against Poland.

On 20 July 1944, Stauffenberg^[1] carried out an attack on Hitler. This should have been accompanied by a coup d'état. The plan failed and Stauffenberg was killed the next day. About two hundred others were accused of complicity and executed, with or without justification.^[2] Anne Frank wrote about this in her diary.

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Anne refers to him as the head of the conspiracy. Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 21 July 1944, in: The Collected Works, transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.
2. ^{^} Zie http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claus_von_Stauffenberg (geraadpleegd april 2014).

Cor van Wijk

12-24-1919 | Amsterdam , Nederland
10-28-2002 | Amsterdam , Nederland

Cor van Wijk was the husband of Bep Voskuijl.

Cor van Wijk was married to Bep Voskuijl.^[1]

His mother died when he was six years old. His father remarried two years later.

He attended seven years of primary school and then started working as a wallpaper-upholsterer. Due to bad eyesight, he was rejected for military service in 1938. He did not apply for a second examination.^[2]

In February 1944, on the recommendation of the director of the Labour Office, he received a passport free of charge in order to work in Germany.^[3] He worked as an upholsterer in a furniture factory in Osterode. During his absence in the winter of 1944-1945, Bep stayed with Cor's second mother. When Cor returned from Germany, he met Bep and they started dating.^[4]

The civil marriage to Bep took place on 15 May 1946 at half past two in the afternoon. At first, the Van Wijk family had objections to the marriage because of their religious beliefs. The blessing in church took place on 26 May 1946 in the Martelaren van Gorcum Church on Linnaeushof. They had four children: Ton, Joop, Cor and Anne.^[5] After Bep's death (1983), Cor married Jacoba Sophia de Haas on 8 August 1985.^[6]

Cor's last address was a nursing home called 'Open Hof'. After his death there was a funeral service on 4 November 2002 in the church where the blessing of his marriage with Bep had taken place. Afterwards he was cremated in De Nieuwe Ooster.^[7]

Source personal data.^[8] Addresses: Joos Banckersweg 12 I, Amsterdam; Jan van Riebeekstraat 9 I (1945); Marco Polostraat 228 II (1946); Lumeystraat 18 I (1948); Galileiplantsoen 119hs (1949); Fizeaustraat 3H (1991).^[6]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238), inv. nr. 1962: Archiefkaart J.H. van Wijk (1888).
2. ^{^} SAA, Secretarie, Militaire Zaken en rechtsvoorgangers, toegang 5182, inv.nr. 4510: lotingsregister 1939, Scholts-Z, volgnr. 6085.
3. ^{^} SAA, Secretarie, Algemene Zaken, toegang 5181, inv. nr. 7493: Paspoortaanvragen Wou-Wij: Aanvraag Cornelis van Wijk.
4. ^{^} Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Getuigenarchief, Van Wijk: Handgeschreven notities bij vraaggesprek, ongedateerd, door Dineke Stam.
5. ^{^} AFS, Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), A_Voskuijl_I_0004: Stamboek der familie C. v. Wijk – E. Voskuijl.
6. ^{a, b} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Persoonskaarten (toegang 30408), inv. nr. 553: Persoonskaart C. van Wijk.
7. ^{^} AFS, Getuigenarchief familie Van Wijk: Rouwkaart Cornelis van Wijk.
8. ^{^} AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Voskuijl_I_0004: Stamboek der familie C. v. Wijk – E. Voskuijl; AFS, Getuigenarchief familie Van Wijk: Rouwkaart Cornelis van Wijk.

Cornelia Catharina d’Huij - Trapman

1885-05-22 | Amsterdam , Nederland
3-15-1961 | Amsterdam , Nederland

Cornelia Trapman was a teacher at the Jeker School and taught Margot Frank.

Cornelia Huij-Trapman was a teacher at the Jeker School. Margot Frank was in her class.

C.C. Trapman married the headmaster of the Jeker School, Karel Jacobus d'Huij, on 4 May 1933. On 23 February 1949, she became a widow.^[1]

When she ended her teaching career after 32 years, Otto and Edith Frank sent her a plant and letter. Margot also wrote to her. On 29 December 1936 Huij-Trapman wrote back a letter of thanks, in which she called Margot a dear pupil and recalled that during the holidays Margot had often taken care of her plants.^[2]

Source personal data.^[3] Address: Waalstraat 86-II, Amsterdam.^[3]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart C.C. Trapman; Overlijdensbericht K.J. d’Huij, Algemeen Handelsblad, 24 februari 1949.
2. ^{^} Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, reg. code A_gezinFrank_I_001: C.C. d'Huy-Trapman aan Otto en Edith Frank, 29 december 1936.
3. ^{a, b} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart C.C. Trapman.

Cornelis Gies (1868)

1868-02-03 | Nieuwer-Amstel , Nederland
1-7-1949 | Amsterdam , Nederland

Cornelis was the father of Jan Gies. He married Wilhelmina Gezina Steenge on 19 March 1891 in Amsterdam. Cornelis was a diamond cutter at the time.^[1] They had three daughters and two sons. Jan is the youngest child.^[2] From the end of 1923, the couple did not live together any more.^[3] On 2 January 1925 the marriage ended in divorce.^[4]

Source personal data.^[5] Addresses: Ruijsdaelkade 203hs, Amsterdam (1935).^[6]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Burgerlijke Stand, toegang 5009, inv. nr. 1955: Register van huwelijksakten 1891, deel 5, 38f, nr. 463
2. ^{^} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten, toegang 30238: Archiefkaart C. Gies (1868).
3. ^{^} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten: gezinskaart C. Gies (z.j.).
4. ^{^} SAA, Burgerlijke Stand, inv. nr. 1955: Huwelijksakte 38f, nr. 463. De scheiding is in de kantlijn aangetekend.
5. ^{^} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart W.G. Steenge.
6. ^{^} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten, toegang 5422: Gezinskaart W.G. Steenge.

Cornelis Kleiman (1860)

1860-12-28 | Ouderkerk aan de IJssel , Nederland
2-20-1945 | Amsterdam , Nederland

Cornelis Kleiman was the father of Johannes Kleiman.

Cornelis Kleiman was the father of Johannes Kleiman. Kleiman Sr. had a smithy on Mariniersstraat 6.^[1] According to a grandson, the smithy mainly made ship's fittings.^[2] The Image bank of the Municipal Archives shows a photo^[3]  of the Kleiman house on Mariniersstraat 4 en 6.

Source personal data.^[4] Addresses: Kattenburgerkade 49 ('21);^[1] Marinierstraat 4hs, Amsterdam ('23-'45).^[4]

Footnotes

1. ^{a, b} Noord-Hollands Archief, Haarlem, Handelsregister Amsterdam, Kamer van Koophandel en Fabrieken Amsterdam, inv. nr. 97, dossier 12674.
2. ^{^} Anne Frank Stichting, Getuigenarchief, Kleiman: Gesprekken met Folke Richard Kaales, 10 en 14 augustus 2009.
3. ^{^} Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Beeldbank, fotonummer 010009004826.
4. ^{a, b} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart C. Kleiman (1860).

Cornelis Kleiman (1892)

1892-06-29 | Koog aan de Zaan , Nederland
4-25-1984 | Amsterdam , Nederland

Cornelis Kleiman was an older brother of Johannes Kleiman.

Cornelis Kleiman was an older brother of Johannes and Willy Kleiman. He was a model maker and work supervisor.^[1] He made models for castings at the Verschure shipyard in Amsterdam-North.^[2]

Anne's diary tells of the Fokker bombings.^[3] The family of Kleiman's brother lived barely a kilometre away. The family was unharmed.

Source personal data.^[1] Addresses: Spechtstraat 14 boven, Amsterdam ('35); Slotermeerlaan 1 ('59).^[1]

Footnotes

1. ^{a, b, c} Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart C. Kleiman.
2. ^{^} Anne Frank Stichting, Getuigenarchief, Kleiman: Gesprekken met kleinzoon Folke Kaales, 10 en 14 augustus 2009.
3. ^{^} Anne Frank, Diary Version B, 26 July 1943, in: The Collected Works, transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.

Cornelis den Boef

4-2-1903 | Rotterdam , Nederland
1-11-1990 | Amsterdam , Nederland

Cornelis den Boef was a policeman serving in the Amsterdam Police Battalion.

Cornelis den Boef enlisted in 1918 (at the age of fifteen!) with the fortification artillery in Naarden. He became unemployed after the capitulation in 1940 and joined the Amsterdam Police Battalion in 1942. He then went on to do regular beat work.^[1]

Late in the evening of 9 April 1944, night watchman Slegers drew his attention to a forced door panel at Prinsengracht 263. Den Boef inspected the premises at around a quarter to eleven, but found nothing suspicious inside. In her diary Anne describes how the people in hiding heard footsteps and the rattling of the bookcase.^[2] Den Boef reported his findings at half past eleven in the Warmoesstraat office.^[3]

In the early morning of 2 March 1945, he and some of his colleagues shot at coal thieves on the grounds of the Westergasfabriek.^[4]

Reports for the post-war purges described Den Boef as an untrustworthy person, who had also been a member of the NSB and Rechtsfront. On 11 July 1946, the Minister of Justice decided that all Den Boef's rights to pensions etc. had lapsed because of his disloyalty, as referred to in the Purges Decree 1945.^[5]

Source personal data.^[6] Addresses: Den Boef lived in the area of Ceintuurbaan from 1940 onwards. On 7 June 1944 he was registered at the address Cornelis Troostplein 23, the barracks of the Amsterdam Police Battalion.^[6]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Nationaal Archief (NL-HaNA), Den Haag, Centraal Archief Bijzondere Rechtspleging, inv. nr. 106174: Verhoor van Den Boef, 28 december 1945.
2. ^{^} Anne describes Den Boef as a policeman. Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 11 April 1944, in: The Collected Works, transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.
3. ^{^} Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Gemeentepolitie Amsterdam (toegangsnummer 5225), inv. nr. 2036: Rapport Warmoesstraat, 9-10 april 1944, mut. 23.25 uur.
4. ^{^} SAA, Gemeentepolitie Amsterdam (toegangsnummer 5225), inv. nr. 6676: Rapport Raampoort, 2 maart 1945. mut. 8.45 uur.
5. ^{^} NL-HaNA, Binnenlandse Zaken/Zuivering Ambtenaren (toegang 2.04.67), inv. nr. 3408: Dossier C. den Boef.
6. ^{a, b} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart C. den Boef.

Corry Voskuijl

8-26-1924 | Hilversum , Nederland
9-29-1971 | Amsterdam , Nederland

Corry Voskuijl was the younger sister of Bep Voskuijl.

Corry Voskuijl was the younger sister of Bep Voskuijl. She was a workshop seamstress.^[1]

Source personal data.^[2]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten (toegangsnummer 5422): Gezinskaart J.H. Voskuijl. Also see: Anne Frank, Diary Version  A, 7 October 1942, 2nd, in: The Collected Works, transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.
2. ^{^} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart J.H. Voskuijl; Familiebericht geplaatst door haar moeder in: Het Parool, 1 oktober 1971. Haar huwelijksnaam is hier De Jong.

Danka Gostelie - Zajde

12-17-1928 | Lodz , Polen
3-5-2013 | Amsterdam , Nederland

Danka Zajde was a classmate of Anne Frank at the Jewish Lyceum.

Danka Zajde was a classmate of Anne Frank at the Jewish Lyceum. Danka's parents wanted to leave Poland around 1930. Her father — who was a tailor — travelled ahead. He arrived in Amstrerdam by ship and became enchanted with the city, so the family settled there.^[1]

According to a note in Anne's diary dated June 1942, she and Danka did not get along.^[2] However, the note also shows that Danka, together with Nanny van Praag and Eefje de Jong, gave her a book for her birthday.

Danka later went into hiding with her father and mother in Hoorn and Heerhugowaard.^[3]  She survived the war and obtained Dutch natonality in 1952.^[4]

Source personal data.^[5] Addresses: P.C. Hooftstraat 50 huis, Amsterdam (1936 until she went into hiding).^[6]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Getuigenarchief, Zadje, Danka: Transcriptie interview Danka Zajde, 18 november 2011, p. 1-2.
2. ^{^} Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 15 June 1942, in: The Collected Works, transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.
3. ^{^} AFS, Getuigenarchief, Zadje, Danka: Transcriptie interview Danka Zajde, 18 november 2011, p. 11-12.
4. ^{^} Verslag der Handelingen van de Eerste Kamer der Staten-Generaal, 30 december 1952, p. 49.
5. ^{^} Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart B. Zajde; Rouwadvertentie, NRC Handelsblad, 9 maart 2013.
6. ^{^} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart B. Zajde.

Dien Gendering

1-22-1916 | Amsterdam , Nederland
4-19-2006 | Vlaardingen , Nederland

Gerdina Gendering was registered at the home of Jan and Miep Gies in 1942.

Gerdina (Dien) Gendering was registered at the home of Jan and Miep Gies in 1942. She was a younger half sister of Clara Ehbrecht. Gerdina came into the world in the Wilhelmina Gasthuis hospital.^[1] Her mother recognised her on 12 May 1916.^[2] After Clara's birth she divorced her husband.

Between the ages of seven and twenty-one she lived in the Jewish children's home Berg Foundation in Laren.^[3] Then, from 15 April 1937 to 1 November 1939, she went to work as a domestic help ('kitchen maid') in the Israelite boys' orphanage 'Megadlé Jethomim' on Amstel.^[4]

From 1 March to 1 October 1941, she was employed by a Jewish family in Rotterdam. She left there because she preferred to work in an institution rather than in a private household.^[5] In March 1942, her address was Hunzestraat 25 in Amsterdam, where Jan and Miep Gies also lived with Mrs Stoppelman.^[6]

Like her mother, she was on the Calmeyer list of 8 September 1942.^[7]  

In December 1942, she moved in with Mrs Stoppelman's son and daughter-in-law, Meier ('Max') and Esther Stoppelman in the Indische Buurt (Indies District).

After the Liberation, she worked in the kitchen of the Prinsengracht Hospital from 15 June 1945 to 31 December 1947.^[8]

Source personal data.^[9] Addresses: Amsterdam; Mijdrecht (1916); Rotterdam (1917); Hilversumseweg, Laren (Berg Stichting, 1923);^[10] Doodweg 4 (also Berg Stichting); Amstel 21, Amsterdam (N.I. Jongens-Weeshuis, 1937);^[3]; Hunzestraat 25hs, Amsterdam (March-December 1942); Majubastraat 5-II.^[11]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Burgerlijke Stand (toegang 5009), inv. nr. 7768: Register van geboorteakten 1916, deel 2, 78f, akte 920.
2. ^{^} SAA, Burgerlijke Stand, inv. nr. 7776: Register van geboorteakten 1916, deel 10, 63v, akte 5522.
3. ^{a, b} SAA, Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten (toegangsnummer 5422): Gezinskaart G.S. Gendering. Rotterdam (1939-1942)
4. ^{^} Privébezit familie Nieuwdorp: Getuigschrift S. Hamburger (directrice), 31 oktober 1939.
5. ^{^} Privébezit familie Nieuwdorp: Getuigschrift van mw. Tels – Elias, 16 september 1941.
6. ^{^} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Woningkaarten (toegangsnummer 5445), inv. nr. 138: Woningkaart Hunzestraat 25 huis.
7. ^{^} NIOD Nederlands Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust- en Genocidestudies, Generalkommissariat für das Sicherheitswesen (Höhere SS- und Polizeiführer Nord-West) (toegang 077), inv. nr. 1429: gedrukte lijst met groen omslag d.d. 8 september 1942.  
8. ^{^} Privébezit familie Nieuwdorp: Getuigschrift M. Stenvers (directrice), januari 1948. Op 17 november 1947 trouwt ze met Herman van der Hak.
9. ^{^} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart G.S. Gendering; Overzicht van M. Vos-Blekemolen op https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-vos-huizen-naarden/I7288.php (geraadpleegd 1 mei 2018).
10. ^{^} Stadsarchief Rotterdam, Archief van de Gemeentesecretarie Rotterdam, afdeling Bevolking, bevolkingsboekhouding van Rotterdam en geannexeerde gemeenten (toegang 851-146): Gezinskaart G.S. en L. Gendering.
11. ^{^} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart G.S. Gendering.

Dimitri von Saher

1890-10-04 | Haarlem , Nederland
1-25-1973 | Bilthoven , Nederland

August Eduard (Dimitri) von Saher had various business connections with Otto Frank and his family.

August Eduard (Dimitri) von Saher had various business connections with Otto Frank and his family. From 1921 to 1940, he was a board member of the Nederlandsche Kamer van Koophandel voor Duitschland (Dutch Chamber of Commerce for Germany).^[1] At its foundation, Von Saher was commissioner of the Centrale Maatschappij voor Handel en Industrie (Central Association for Trade and Industry).^[2] At the Chamber of Commerce and at the Central Association, he worked with Dr. Theodor Metz.^[3]

In February 1941, he left for the United States.^[2] In 1950, he married the widow of the art dealer Jacques Goudstikker, in New York.^[4]

During his lifetime he was made an Officer of the Order of Orange-Nassau, a Commander of the Order of Civilian Merit of Bulgaria and a Doctor of Law at Fordham University in New York.^[4] 

Source personal data.^[5] Addresses: Haarlem, The Hague, Düsseldorf, Hilversum;^[4] Paris; Johannes Vermeerstraat 20hs, Amsterdam (1930); New York (1941).^[2]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Dr. Th.M. Metz, Fünfzig Jahre Niederländische Handelskammer für Deutschland, 1905 – 1955, 's-Gravenhage: Deutsch-Niederländische Handelskammer, 1955, p. 288.
2. ^{a, b, c} Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart A.E.(D.) von Saher.
3. ^{^} Noord-Hollands Archief, Haarlem, Handelsregister Kamer van Koophandel Amsterdam, inv. nr. 430, dossier 19874.
4. ^{a, b, c} Haags Gemeentearchief, Gezinskaarten 1913-1939: Gezinskaart A.E. von Saher.
5. ^{^} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten, toegang 30238: Archiefkaart A.E.(D.) von Saher; Familiebericht”, De Telegraaf, 30 januari 1973, p. 8.

Dirk Folmer

10-4-1930 | Rotterdam , Nederland
Unkown Death Date | Unkown Death Place , Unkown Death Country

Dirk Folmer can be seen together with Anne Frank in a photo taken at Het Kinderhuisje in Laren.

Dirk (Dick or DIckie) Folmer was the son of the ballet dancer Gerie Folmer and the Italian opera singer Luigi Balzan. Because his mother wanted to continue her profession, she brought Dirk and his sister Paola to stay with Mrs. Lohman for a few years in Het Kinderhuisje ('The Children's House') in Laren..^[1] In 1938, pictures were taken at the Kinderhuisje where Dirk can be seen in a group together with Anne Frank.^[2] When this institution moved to Hilversum in 1939, Dirk and his sister moved with it.^[3] During the years that he lived in Het Kinderhuisje, he exchanged letters and postcards with his mother and other family members..^[4]

In the autumn of 1940, Gerie Folmer married a doctor from Amsterdam, with whom she moved in with her children..^[5]

Dirk first attended the Gooische School in Laren and then the Public Primary School No. 8 in Hilversum.^[6] Later he became a psychiatrist. From 1973 until his death in 1980, he worked at Het Bloemendaal, a Christian Psychiatric Centre in The Hague.^[7]

Source personal data.^[8] Addresses: Van der Schellingstraat 44, Rotterdam; Drift 27, Laren (sept. 1937);^[9] ’s Gravelandseweg 132, Hilversum;^[3]Prinsengracht 554, Amsterdam (1941).^[10]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Mededeling M.L. Folmer tijdens bezoek aan de Anne Frank Stichting, 13 maart 2014.
2. ^{^} Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, foto’s 4050_14 en 4050_15.
3. ^{a, b} “Bevolkingsopgaven Laren”, Laarder Courant de Bel, 27 oktober 1939.
4. ^{^} Privébezit M.L. Folmer: Brieven en ansichtkaarten van en aan Dirk Folmer, 1937-1940
5. ^{^} Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238):  Archiefkaart C. Eggink (1889).
6. ^{^} Privébezit M.L. Folmer: rapporten 1937-’38 (Gooische School) en 1940-’41 (No. 8).
7. ^{^} Overlijdensbericht, Nieuwe Leidsche Courant, 29 mei 1980.
8. ^{^} Stadsarchief Rotterdam (SAR), Rotterdamse Gezinskaarten (1880-1941): Gezinskaart G.L. Folmer (1901); Familiebericht, Nieuwe Leidsche Courant, 27 mei 1980.
9. ^{^} SAR, Rotterdamse Gezinskaarten (1880-1941): Gezinskaart G.L. Folmer (1901).
10. ^{^} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart C. Eggink (1889). Het jaartal 1941 is te ontlenen aan de combinatie van een verjaardagskaart getekend “3/10” en het rapport voor 1940-’41 van OLS No. 8 in Hilversum.

Dwight D. Eisenhower

1890-10-14 | Denison (Texas) , USA
3-28-1969 | Washington D.C , USA

General Eisenhower was Supreme Commander of the Allied invasion force on D-Day.

General Eisenhower (1890-1969) was commander-in-chief of the Allied invasion force on D-Day. In 1915, he became a lieutenant in the US Army. During the First World War he was not posted to Europe. He remained in the military and was promoted to brigadier general in October 1941. Eisenhower led the American operations in North Africa, and then the invasion of Sicily. In January 1944 he became commander-in-chief of the Western Allies, and had responsibility for the invasion of Normandy on 6 June 1944.^[1] In 1953, Eisenhower won the US presidential election over Adlai Stevenson.^[2] Otto Frank was in America in the run-up to these elections, and wore a Stevenson button on his lapel.^[3]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} D-Day and the advance of the Allies were followed closely in the Secret Annex. Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 6, 9 and 13 June 1944, in: The Collected Works, transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.
2. ^{^} Zie verder: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower
3. ^{^} Familiearchief Anne Frank-Fonds, Bazel, Fritzi Frank, AFF_FrF_corr_01: Otto Frank aan Fritzi Frank-Markovits, 30 oktober 1952.  

Edith Frank - Holländer

1-16-1900 | Aken , Duitsland
1-6-1945 | Auschwitz-Birkenau , Unkown Death Country

Edith Frank-Holländer was the mother of Margot and Anne Frank.

According to her birth certificate, Edith Holländer was born on 16 January 1900 in Aachen, at Heinrichsallee 50. She was a daughter of Abraham Holländer and Rosalie Holländer-Stern. Edith was the youngest of four children.^[1] She had two brothers: Julius and Walter. Bettina, the only sister, died at the age of 16.

Edith attended the evangelical Viktoriaschule at Warmweiherstrasse in her birthplace. In 1916 she took her school diploma. She was a sporty girl and played tennis. Before her marriage she worked for some time in the family business. The company B. Holländer Rohproduktenhandlung, founded by her grandfather, traded in boilers, equipment and industrial plants as well as old iron, paper and rags. There was a branch in Cologne and from 1914 the company also had a wagon factory near Hanover, where Edith's brother Walter worked. On 12 May 1925 Edith married Otto Frank and moved to Frankfurt. Margot was born in 1926 and Anne followed in 1929. After she and Otto decided to leave Germany in 1933, Edith went to live with her mother in Aachen for a while. She travelled frequently to Amsterdam, where she looked for accommodation. In December 1933 she left for the Netherlands permanently.

The loss of her old life was hard for Edith. She corresponded regularly with Gertrud Naumann, a girl who had lived next door to her in Frankfurt, and otherwise focused on her family. From September 1938 she and Otto tried to bring her mother to the Netherlands. Shortly after Kristallnacht the Ministry of Justice gave permission for this. Edith's brothers Walter and Julius managed to emigrate to America. After the arrest on 4 August 1944, Edith went via Westerbork to Auschwitz. At first she was with her daughters, but after about eight weeks they were sent on to Bergen-Belsen. Edith suffered greatly from this. Little is known about her further fate, but a friend saw her later in a sick bay. She had a high fever and was totally exhausted due to lack of food and illness. She died a few days later at the age of 44.^[2]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, reg. code A_EFrank_I_001: Standesamt Aachen I, Geburterbuch, register A II nr. 211: Geburtsurkunde Edith Holländer (kopie).
2. ^{^} Literature: Dineke Stam, 'Who was Edith Frank-Holländer?, in: Anne Frank Magazine 1999, p. 52-55; Aukje Vergeest, Anne Frank in the Secret Annexe: who was who?, Amsterdam: Anne Frank House, 2015.

Edward Welling Stull

Unkown Birth Date | Unkown Birth Place , Unkown Birth Country
Unkown Death Date | Unkown Death Place , Unkown Death Country

Stull was the pilot of the bomber that crashed in the Spaarndammer district on 22 March 1944.

Edward Welling Stull (1918-1922) was the pilot of the bomber that crashed in the Spaarndammer district on 22 March 1944.^[1] He was the last one to jump out of the plane just before the crash and landed near the Westersuikerfabriek on Van Noordtkade. He was shot at by German soldiers, but remained unharmed. His co-pilot Samuel Showalter however, broke an ankle.^[1] Anne wrote about this in her diary.^[2]

Footnotes

1. ^{a, b} http://www.emielros.nl/bommenwerper (geraadpleegd maart 2014). Emiel Ros heeft zijn onderzoek naar deze vliegtuigcrash op 20 maart 2014 in een gesprek toegelicht.
2. ^{^} Referred to by Anne as: the crew was able to parachute out. Anne Frank, Diary Version A and B, 23 March 1944, in: The Collected Works, transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.

Eefje de Jong

7-8-1929 | Eindhoven , Nederland
6-11-1943 | Sobibor , Unkown Death Country

Eefje de Jong was a classmate of Anne Frank at the Jewish Lyceum.

Eva (Eefje) de Jong was a classmate of Anne Frank at the Jewish Lyceum.^[1] She was deported in June '43 with a children's transport from Vught to Westerbork..^[2]

Source personal data.^[3] Address: Sloestraat 15 huis, Amsterdam.^[4]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} NIOD Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust en Genocidestudies, Amsterdam, Archief 181e (W.S.H. Elte), inv. nr. 2f: Absentenregister klas 1LII Joods Lyceum, 1 maart – 17 juli 1942; Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 15 and 16 June 1942, in: The Collected Works, transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.
2. ^{^} J. de Moei, Joodse kinderen in het kamp Vught, Vught: Stichting Vriendenkring Nationaal Monument Vught, 1999, p. 41.
3. ^{^} Stadarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart E.H.E. de Jong; http://www.joodsmonument.nl/person/492300/nl (geraadpleegd december 2011).
4. ^{^} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart E.H.E. de Jong.

Eilsabeth Voskuijl - Hoenson

1865-05-15 | Wieringerwaard , Nederland
4-23-1920 | Amsterdam , Nederland

Elisabeth Hoenson was the mother of Johan Voskuijl and the grandmother of Bep Voskuijl.

Elisabeth Hoenson was the mother of Johan Voskuijl and the grandmother of Bep Voskuijl. Initially she came from Anna Paulowna to Amsterdam in 1882 as a servant.^[1] There she married Johannes Hendrik Voskuijl (1865) on 1 December 1887.^[2] In doing so, she followed in the footsteps of her sister Trijntje, who came to Amsterdam as a servant a year earlier in 1881 and married Johannes Hendrik Voskuijl's brother Theo in 1884.^[3]

Elisabeth and Johannes Hendrik Voskuijl had six children, one of whom died at a young age.^[4] On 15 January 1892, son Johan was born, the father of Bep Voskuijl.

Source personal data.^[5] Addresses: Anna Paulowna; Daniel Stalpertstraat 13, Amsterdam; Nieuwer-Amstel;^[6] Grote Kattenburgerstraat, various nos.; Tweede van Swindenstraat 4-II (1909).^[7]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister 1874-1893, toegang 5000, inv. nr. 2154.
2. ^{^} SAA, Burgerlijke Stand, inv. nr. 1854: huwelijksakte 1887, akte 2815.
3. ^{^} SAA, Burgerlijke Stand, inv. nr. 1755: register van huwelijksakten 1884, deel 21, 10v, akte 1949.
4. ^{^} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart J.H. Voskuijl (1865).
5. ^{^} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart J.H. Voskuijl (1865); SAA, Burgerlijke Stand, toegang 5009, inv. nr. 4182: register van overlijdens 1920, deel 5, 76v, akte 3291.
6. ^{^} SAA, Burgerlijke Stand, toegang 5009, inv. nr. 1854: register van huwelijksakten 1887, deel 30, 3f, akte 2815.
7. ^{^} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten (toegangsnummer 5422): Gezinskaart J.H. Voskuijl (1865).

Elisabeth Brouwer - Bakker

12-5-1902 | Zwolle , Nederland
8-27-1994 | Zwolle , Nederland

Mrs Bakker was mentioned by Anne Frank in her diary.

Elisabeth Bakker married Martin Brouwer on 8 May 1929.^[1] The couple had eight children. Anne Frank mentioned Mrs Bakker in her diary on 23 March 1944,^[2] writing that she was expecting a child "any day". In fact this child was born on 29 May 1944.^[1]

Source personal data.^[1] Addresses: Hortensiastraat 75, Zwolle.^[1]

Footnotes

1. ^{a, b, c, d} Centraal Bureau voor Genealogie, Den Haag, Centraal archief van overledenen: Persoonskaart E.G.J.W. Bakker.
2. ^{^} Referred to by Anne as Brouwer's wife. Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 23 March 1944, in: The Collected Works, transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.

Elisabeth Voskuijl (1895)

1895-01-10 | Amsterdam , Nederland
12-27-1927 | Amsterdam , Nederland

Elisabeth Voskuijl was a sister of Johan Voskuijl and an aunt of Bep Voskuijl.

Elisabeth Voskuijl was a sister of Johan Voskuijl and an aunt of Bep Voskuijl. She was born at four o'clock in the morning in the parental home, Groote Kattenburgerstraat 82.^[1] On 12 September 1917 she married F.W. Hartsuijker. He was a coach painter at Werkspoor and later became a painter.^[2] Her brother Johan was witness to the marriage.^[3]

Elisabeth died on 27 December 1927 in the Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis in Amsterdam while giving birth to her fourth child. Daughter Wilhelmina survived the birth.^[2]

Source personal data.^[4] Addresses: Groote Kattenburgerstraat 82, Amsterdam; Kattenburgerkruisstraat 6-I; Tweede van Swindenstraat 4-II;^[5] Ringdijk 83, Watergraafsmeer; Pieter Lastmankade 87, Amsterdam (1922); Middenweg 96, Schoten (1923).^[2]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Burgerlijke Stand, inv. nr. 4604: Register van geboorteakten 1895, deel 2, 35v, no. 420.
2. ^{a, b, c} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten (toegangsnummer 5422): Gezinskaart F.W. Hartsuijker (1894).
3. ^{^} SAA, Burgerlijke Stand, inv. nr. 5031: Register van huwelijksakten 1917, deel 40-3g, 46, no. 769.
4. ^{^} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten (toegangsnummer 5422): Gezinskaart F.W. Hartsuijker (1894); SAA, Burgerlijke Stand (toegang 5009), inv. nr. 4297: Registers van overlijdens 1927, deel 11, 71v, no. 6813.
5. ^{^} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten (toegangsnummer 5422): Gezinskaart J.H. Voskuijl (1865).

Elizabeth Windsor

4-21-1926 | Londen , Groot-Brittannië
9-8-2022 | Balmoral , Groot-Brittannië

Elizabeth Windsor was the British Crown Princess and was crowned Queen of the United Kingdom in 1952.

At the time Anne wrote her diary, Elizabeth was the British Crown Princess. Elizabeth had by then been corresponding for some time with her second cousin Philip, whom she married in 1947.^[1] A change in the law on her eighteenth birthday meant that she might be able to rule, despite being a minor.^[2] In 1952, she ascended the British throne as Elizabeth II. In 2022, she celebrated 70 years on the throne.^[3]  In 1974, Elizabeth heard that Anne had had a picture of her on the wall. She had a lady-in-waiting write to Otto Frank that she hoped that: "perhaps this photograph gave your daughter a moment's pleasure during that dreadful time."^[4]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Zie http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh (geraadpleegd 2 juli 2012).
2. ^{^} Anne also wrote about this matter. Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 21 April 1944, in: The Collected Works, transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.
3. ^{^} Zie http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_II.
4. ^{^} Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA_383.“Lady-in-waiting” aan Otto Frank, 26 april 1974.

Elize Váhl – de Roos

9-5-1911 | Rotterdam , Nederland
Unkown Death Date | Unkown Death Place , Unkown Death Country

Elize Váhl-de Roos was the downstairs neighbour of the Frank family on Merwedeplein.

Elize Váhl-de Roos was the downstairs neighbour of the Frank family on Merwedeplein.^[1] She married the Hungarian László Váhl on 2 August 1935 in Voorburg and as a result obtained Hungarian nationality. The couple moved to Budapest and a year and a half later to Amsterdam.^[2]

Elize Váhl travelled ahead of her husband to look for a house. She went to her parents in Voorburg on 1 November 1936 to organise the move to Amsterdam.^[3] There, on 24 January 1937 and 8 December 1939, János László and Herman Gyula were born.^[4] Anne Frank and Toosje Kupers sometimes babysat these boys. Toosje Kupers described Elize Váhl as "a very funny woman."^[5]

Anne sent Elize Váhl a postcard from Laren, postmarked 31 July 1940, bearing the inscription "Greetings from Laren by Anne Frank".^[6]

When her husband lost Hungarian citizenship in 1947, so did Elize Váhl.^[7] He subsequently obtained Dutch citizenship in 1948.^[8] This also applied to his wife.

Source personal data.^[2] Addresses: Budapest; Merwedeplein 37-I, Amsterdam (December 1936); J.W. Brouwerstraat 17 boven (April 1941); Brink 18b, Muiden.^[2]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Zie Rian Verhoeven, Anne Frank was niet alleen: het Merwedeplein, 1933-1945, Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2019, p. 66-73 en passim.
2. ^{a, b, c} Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart E. de Roos (1911).
3. ^{^} Privébezit familie Váhl: opgeschreven herinneringen van Elize de Roos, “Jan”, p. 1-2.
4. ^{^} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart L. Váhl.
5. ^{^} Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Getuigenverhalen I: Transcriptie interview Toos Buiteman – Kupers door Teresien da Silva, 23 oktober 2009, p. 12, tijscode 00:43:26 - 51.
6. ^{^} AFS, Anne Frank Collectie, reg. code A_AFrank_I_006: Ansichtkaart met afbeelding van boerderij in Laren, gestempeld 31 juli 1940.
7. ^{^} Privébezit familie Váhl: verklaring van de Hongaarse legatie, 11 november 1946.
8. ^{^} Verslag der Handelingen van de Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal, 1948 – 1949, p. 633.

Else Leeser - Röttgen

1897-03-20 | Buer , Duitsland
10-7-1953 | Woodbine, New Jersey , USA

Else Leeser-Röttgen was the oldest sister of Auguste van Pels-Röttgen.

Else Leeser-Röttgen was the first child of Leo Röttgen and Rosa Röttgen-Rosenau and the oldest sister of Auguste van Pels-Röttgen. On 17 May 1920 she married Dr. med. Julius Leeser in Elberfeld.^[1] He was born on 5 August 1885 in Bickern, later a part of the town Wanne-Eickel. Together they had two sons, Helmut (Hal) (15 May 1923) and Rolf (Ralph) Manfred (19 May 1925).^[2]

After their marriage they lived in Wanne-Eickel, where Else became a member of the Israelitischer Frauenverein and was its chairwoman in the early 1930s. In 1938 they moved to Essen.^[3]

Because of the Nazi persecution in Germany, Else and Julius fled on 21 January 1939 with their son Rolf via Vlissingen to the United States, where they arrived in New York on 3 February 1939.^[4] Their eldest son Helmut was already living in Washington D.C. at that time. In 1937 he was send to New York with the German Jewish Childrens Aid.^[5]

Source personal data.^[6] Addresses: Buer-Recklinghausen; Huyssenallee 2, Essen; Vereinstrasse 14, Wuppertal-Elberfeld; Wanne-Eickel; Essen; 570 West 183rd Street, New York; Woodbine, New Jersey.

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Stadtarchiv Wuppertal, Elberfelder Heiratsregistern, Reg.-Nr. 959-1920; trouwakte van Julius Leeser en Else Röttgen d.d. 17 mei 1920.
2. ^{^} National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Washington DC, VS, Immigration and Naturalization Dpt.: Declaration of Intention Else Leeser, 5 juli 1939, volgnr. 436376.
3. ^{^} https://spurenimvest.de/2020/06/13/leeser-julius/ (geraadpleegd 29 januari 2024).
4. ^{^} "New York City, New York, United States records, Aug 4, 2018," images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33S7-95NF-9P8P?view=explore : Jan 24, 2024), image 625 and 629 of 700; United States. National Archives and Records Administration. (geraadpleegd 29 januari 2024).
5. ^{^} "New York City, New York, United States records," images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-G5FH-9BBL?view=explore : Jan 29, 2024), image 546 and 547 of 797; United States. National Archives and Records Administration (geraadpleegd 29 januari 2024).
6. ^{^} Stadtarchiv Wuppertal, Elberfelder Heiratsregistern, Reg.-Nr. 959-1920; trouwakte van Julius Leeser en Else Röttgen d.d. 17 mei 1920; Leeser, Else Roettgen, 20 maart 1897 – 7 oktober 1953, Woodbine Brotherhood Cemetery, Woodbine, Cape May, New Jersey.

Emil Pfeffer

1887-04-29 | Gießen , Duitsland
10-23-1956 | Johannesburg , Zuid-Afrika

Emil Pfeffer was an older brother of Fritz Pfeffer.

Emil Pfeffer was the third child of Ignatz Pfeffer and Jeanette Pfeffer-Hirsch and an older brother of Fritz Pfeffer.^[1]

In 1926 he married Fanny Süskind (30 Augustus 1892). On 30 December 1928 their daughter Ursula Amanda Jeanette was born.^[2]

Emil fled Germany in 1937 because of the Nazi persecution and settled in South Africa. On 20 August 1947 he obtained South African nationality.^[3]

Fanny and their daughter temporarily moved in with her sister Meta in Oberdollendorf, before they also fled to South Africa together in March 1939.^[1]

Emil passed away in 1956, Fanny in 1960.^[4]

Source personal data.^[5] Addresses: Marktplatz 6 Gießen; 3 Dalimo Court, Judith Paarl, Johannesburg.

Footnotes

1. ^{a, b} Bernd Lindenthal, 'Fritz Pfeffer war der Zimmergenosse von Anne Frank, Zur Erinnerung an den Zahnarzt aus Gießen', in: Mitteilungen des Oberhessischen Geschichtsvereins Gießen, NF 85, 2000, p. 100.
2. ^{^} Brief van Stadtarchiv Gießen aan Bernd Lindenthal, 2 september 1999.
3. ^{^} Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, Nederlands Beheersinstituut, toegang 2.09.16,, inv. nr. 4391: Memorandum 252/4, d.d. 14 januari 1955.
4. ^{^} "South Africa, Civil Death Registration, 1955-1966", FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:6C1J-98DF: Entry for Fanny Suesskind Pfeffer, 8 Mar 1960 (geraadpleegd 18 december 2023).
5. ^{^} "South Africa, Civil Death Registration, 1955-1966", FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:6C1P-CBXW: Entry for Emil Pfeffer, 23 Oct 1956 (geraadpleegd 18 december 2023).

Emile Bonewit

5-5-1927 | Amsterdam , Nederland
4-2-1943 | Sobibor , Unkown Death Country

Emile Bonewit was a classmate of Anne Frank at the Jewish Lyceum.

Emanuel (Emile) Bonewit was a classmate of Anne Frank at the Jewish Lyceum.^[1] He was an only child and died together with his parents in Sobibor.^[2]

Source personal data.^[2]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Anne writes about him: "He is a bit dull." Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 16 June 1942, in: The Collected Works, transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.
2. ^{a, b}  Zie http://www.joodsmonument.nl/person/516368/nl.

Emma Klose - Kugler

1877-11-16 | Gabel , Oostenrijk
8-1-1960 | Gladbeck , Duitsland

Emma Klose was the mother of Victor Kugler.

Emilie (Emma) Klose was the mother of Victor Kugler. When her son was born, she was unmarried. She married Franz Klose around 1909 and had two more sons and two daughters with him between 1910 and 1920.^[1]

Source personal data.^[1]

Footnotes

1. ^{a, b} Stadtarchiv Gladbeck: Meldekartei en Hausstandsbuch Gladbeck.

Emmetje Kleiman - Vink

1864-07-22 | Alblasserdam , Nederland
6-1-1950 | Amsterdam , Nederland

Emmetje Vink was the mother of Johannes Kleiman.

Emmetje Vink was the mother of Johannes Kleiman. She married Cornelis Kleiman on 12 October 1888 in Alblasserdam. The marriage came to an end due to his death on 20 February 1945.^[1] The address shows that she lived with the family of her son Johannes from March 1945 until May 1950.

Source personal data.^[1] Addresses: Marinierstraat 4hs, Amsterdam ('23); Wielingenstraat 12 II (March '45); Biesboschstraat 37 I ('49); Middenweg 217hs (May '50).^[1]

Footnotes

1. ^{a, b, c} Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart E. Vink.

Erich Elias

1890-11-06 | Zweibrücken , Duitsland
10-2-1984 | Bazel , Zwitserland

Erich Elias was married to Leni Frank, a sister of Otto Frank.

Erich Elias was married to Leni Frank, a sister of Otto Frank, and was therefore the uncle of Anne and Margot.^[1] During the First World War he was a telegrapher.^[2] Erich Elias was a Bavarian citizen and had lived in Basel, Switzerland, since 13 May 1929.^[3] He spent many years trying to obtain Swiss nationality. It was not until 1952 that it was granted.^[4]

From 1908 on, Elias worked in Frankfurt am Main, London and Paris in trade and banking. From 1915 to 1918 he took part in the First World War. In 1919 he returned to banking and in 1921 became a 'Teilhaber' at Michael Frank und Söhne. He worked in Amsterdam for six months for this company. In 1927-'28 he worked in banking in Luxembourg. From 1931 to the beginning of '39 he was manager of Opekta A.G., Pektin A.G., Omon A.G. and Rohstoff-Verkehrs A.G. In 1939-'40 he was active in his own pectin business and after an intermezzo with an oil trader, he joined Unipektin A.G. in October '40.^[5] He married Helene (Leni) Frank on 16 February 1921 in Frankfurt am Main.^[6] They had two sons, Stephan (1921-1980) and Bernd (Buddy) (1925-2015).

During the war years, Erich Elias corresponded about business matters with Johannes Kleiman, who — between the lines — told him something about Otto Frank and his family.^[7] In the summer of 1945, Otto Frank made plans with Erich Elias to re-enter the Dutch pectin market.^[8]

Source personal data.^[9] Addresses: Gundeldingerstrasse 139, Basel.^[10]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Anne refers to him as Uncle Erich. Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 14 October 1942, 1e, in: The Collected Works, transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.
2. ^{^} Familiearchief Anne Frank-Fonds (AFF), Bazel, Erich Elias, AFF_ErE_corr_02, 'Ansichtkaart aan Telegraphist Erich Elias', 18 augustus 1915.
3. ^{^} AFF, Erich Elias, AFF_ErE_odoc_07: ‘Domizil- und Leumundszeugnis’, 7 november 1935.
4. ^{^} AFF, Erich Elias, AFF_ErE_odoc_07 e.v.: Correspondentie.
5. ^{^} AFF, Erich Elias, AFF_ErE_odoc_07: Lebenslauf.
6. ^{^} AFF, Erich Elias, AFF_ErE_odoc_07: Formulier ‘Bürgerrechtsbureau’, gestempeld 17 oktober 1941.
7. ^{^} AFF, Erich Elias, AFF_ErE_bdoc_04: Diverse correspondentie.
8. ^{^} Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA_071: Otto Frank aan Erich Elias, 24 juli 1945.
9. ^{^} AFF, Leni Frank, AFF_LeF_pdoc_07: Album ‘Unser Kind’ van Stephan Elias; Melissa Müller, Anne Frank. De biografie, Amsterdam: Bakker, 1998, p. 301.
10. ^{^} AFF, Erich Elias, AFF_ErE_odoc_07: Kanton Basel aan Erich Elias, 2 april 1936.

Erich Holländer

1897-12-24 | Eschweiler , Duitsland
6-15-1972 | Heerlen , Nederland

Erich Holländer was a cousin of Edith Frank

Erich Holländer was a cousin of Edith Frank – Holländer.^[1] The Aachen Standesamt declared on 19 May 1934 that Erich Holländer and Ilse Grünberg intended to marry. The groom lived in Vaals and the bride in Aachen.^[2]

The predecessor of his company supplied mining equipment in Aachen from 1900. In 1937, he started in Limburg with the company N.V. IJzerwerk in Spekholzerheide near Heerlen.

In August 1942, the Holländer couple was called up for labour. They managed to escape by going into hiding.^[3]

In autumn 1944, the south of the Netherlands was liberated. The whole IJzerwerk company was gone, but Erich Holländer rebuilt everything "from the ground up".^[4] In 1948 he obtained Dutch nationality.^[5]

His company manufactured, among other things, packing irons and struts for the mining industry. It advertised with these in various magazines.^[6] In 1967, mining company N.V. Laura en Vereeniging entered into a partnership with IJzerwerk. The company then had two hundred employees. Erich Holländer remained a director.^[7]

Source personal data.^[8] Addresses: Maastrichterlaan 33, Vaals;^[2] Bekkerweg 112, Heerlen.

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA_051V: Kartotheekkaartje van Otto Frank t.n.v. Erich Holländer.
2. ^{a, b} “Aufgebot”, Limburger Koerier, 22 mei 1934.
3. ^{^} Fiet van Rooij-Trienekens, Joden in Heerlen in de Tweede Wereldoorlog, Beek-Ubbergen: De Rozet, [1998], p. 30.
4. ^{^} ’t Verkeer aan de Locht is overbelast”, Limburgs Dagblad, 7 november 1963.
5. ^{^} Handelingen Tweede Kamer, 1947-1948, p. 567.
6. ^{^} Advertentie, Steenkool. Bedrijfstijdschrift voor de Nederlandse steenkolenmijnen, 15 mei 1950; idem, Nieuw Israelitisch Weekblad, 9 mei 1958.
7. ^{^} “Mijn Laura en Hollander zullen samenwerken", Limburgs Dagblad, 22 juli 1967.
8. ^{^} Handelingen Tweede Kamer, 1947–1948, Bijlagen 731, 1-3; Overlijdensadvertentie, Limburgs Dagblad, 16 juni 1972.

Erich Kohnke

12-1-1900 | Berlijn , Duitsland
9-23-1943 | Auschwitz , Unkown Death Country

Erich Kohnke was the husband of Edith Frank's acquaintance Helene Leyens.

Erich Kohnke married Lotte Bendix in 1926. The marriage was dissolved in 1938. He then married Helene Leyens on 3 January 1940.^[1]
He was chapel master, and later bookkeeper.^[1] In May 1942, he lived with his wife and child with the Frank family at Merwedeplein. According to Otto Frank, Helene Kohnke-Leyens was a good acquaintance of Edith.^[2] In October 1942, Anne wrote in her diary that the Kohnke family had gone into hiding.^[3] In January 1943, the Jewish Council requested Kohnke to disclose his "current address".^[4]

Source personal data.^[5] Addresses: Stieltjesstraat 8, Hilversum.^[1] Merwedeplein 37 II, Amsterdam (May '42).^[2] Vossiusstraat 50 boven (17 July 1942).^[1]

 

Footnotes

1. ^{a, b, c, d} Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart E. Kohnke.
2. ^{a, b} Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA_071: Otto Frank aan ‘Meine Lieben’, 11 augustus 1945.
3. ^{^} Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 16 October 1942, in: The Collected Works, transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.  For her thirteenth birthday, Anne received a book from "Mr Kohnke". Diary Version A, 14 June 1942.  
4. ^{^} Het Joodsche Weekblad, 1 januari 1943.
5. ^{^} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart E. Kohnke; http://www.joodsmonument.nl/person/456666/nl.

Erich Levie

6-5-1904 | Gelsenkirchen , Duitsland
3-22-1957 | Amsterdam , Nederland

Erich Levie was an uncle of Anne Frank's boyfriend Hello Silberberg.

Erich Levie was an uncle of Anne Frank's friend Hello Silberberg^[1] and a cousin of Joël Levie and Sarah Levie-Salm. He was a merchant in paper and buttons and a leather goods manufacturer.^[2]

Source personal data.^[2] Addresses: Zuider Amstellaan 191 II, Amsterdam ('33); G. Brandstraat 24hs ('45); Deurloostraat 121 II ('47).^[2]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 30 June 1942, in: The Collected Works, transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.
2. ^{a, b, c} Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart E. Levie.

Ernst Holländer

3-4-1902 | Oberhausen , Duitsland
Unkown Death Date | Unkown Death Place , Unkown Death Country

Ernst Holländer was a cousin of Edith Frank.

Ernst Holländer was a cousin of Edith Frank. He married Marthe Herz in Cologne on 2 June 1927.^[1] In Cologne, he worked as a branch manager of the company B. Holländer.^[2] Before travelling to the United States, he and his wife lived in The Hague for about six months..^[1]

On 19 March 1936 he arrived in New York on the passenger ship 'Manhattan' and on 29 April 1942 he applied for American citizenship.^[3]

In 1939, he helped his cousins Julius and Walter Holländer to come to the United States. On Walter's death in 1968, he inherited ten thousand dollars.^[4]

Source personal data.^[1] Addresses: Cologne; Willem Witsenplein 5, The Hague (Sept. ’35 – March ’36);^[1] 135 Washington Street, Brighton (Boston), USA (1936);^[5] 193 Jamaicaway Tower, Jamaica Plain, Massachussets (1968).^[4]

Footnotes

1. ^{a, b, c, d} Haags Gemeentearchief, Bevolkingsregister Den Haag, Gezinskaarten 1913-1939: Gezinskaart E. Holländer.  
2. ^{^} Advertentie in Aachener Adressbuch unter Benutzung amtlicher Quellen 1932.
3. ^{^} United States Department of Justice, Immigration and Naturalization Service: Petition for Naturalization E. Holländer, 29 april 1942 (vindbaar op www.ancestry.com).
4. ^{a, b} Surrogate’s Court, County of New York: Probate proceeding, Will of Walter Holländer, dossier 6645 (1968, deel 2693, bladzijde 649).
5. ^{^} United States Department of Labor, Immigration and Naturalization Service: Declaration of intention E. Holländer, 12 november 1936 (vindbaar op www.ancestry.com).

Ernst Katz

1884-11-08 | Bruchsal , Duitsland
3-20-1943 | Sobibor , Unkown Death Country

Ernst Katz rented a room from the Frank family on Merwedeplein.

Ernst Katz rented a room with the Frank family on Merwedeplein for some time.^[1] By profession, he was a tobacco merchant.^[2] Describing the period when he rented a room from the Frank family, Anne writes: "This gentleman actually gave us more pleasure than trouble. Every Sunday he brought chocolate for the children and cigarettes for the adults, and more than once he took us all to the cinema. He stayed with us for a year and a half, then moved into his own flat, together with his mother and sister. Later, he used to drop by from time to time and swear that he'd never had such a good time as he'd had with us."^[3] Margot calls him Kätzchen in a letter to her grandmother in Switzerland.^[4]

On 18 March 1940, he was stripped of his 'deutschen Staatsangehörigkeit'.^[5] In November 1941, he was admitted to Pavilion III, the psychiatric ward of the Wilhelmina Hospital.^[2]

Source personal data.^[6] Addresses: Merwedeplein 37 II, Amsterdam (June ’38); Zuider Amstellaan 32 II (Oct. ’39).^[2]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 14 and 30 June 1942, in: The Collected Works, transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.
2. ^{a, b, c} Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart E. Katz.
3. ^{^} Anne Frank, Tales and events from the Secret Annex, "Lodgers or Tenants", 13 October 1943, in: The Collected Works.
4. ^{^} Anne Frank Fonds, Bazel, Frank en Elias Familiearchief (FEFA), AlF_corr_17_000, Brief van Margot Frank aan Alice Frank-Stern, 18 december 1938.
5. ^{^} Hans Georg Lehmann & Michael Hepp (Einl.), Die Ausbürgerung deutscher Staatsangehöriger 1933 – 45 nach den im Reichsanzeiger veröffentlichten Listen. Band 1. Listen in chronologischer Reihenfolge, München: Saur, 1985, p. 295.
6. ^{^} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart E. Katz; http://www.joodsmonument.nl/person/476875 (geraadpleegd februari 2013).

Ernst Moritz Meijer

3-3-1907 | Bremen , Duitsland
5-4-1977 | Los Angeles , USA

Ernst Moritz Meijer was an acquaintance of Otto Frank.

Ernst Moritz Meijer was an acquaintance of Otto Frank. He was a rag-and-bone man and came from Bremen to the Netherlands in 1933.^[1] In August 1937 he left Maastricht for Amsterdam. After a few months, he married Eva Weijers on 27 April 1938. Eva's sister Kitty Weijers and Walter Lippmann were their witnesses.^[2]

The family had three sons: Frank Harry (1939), Paul James (1940) and Ronald Leon (1944).^[3] On 6 November 1940, his mother, who lived with them, died in an accident.^[4] In 1941, as a German Jew living outside Germany, he lost his nationality. As a mixed married family, they survived the occupation.

In January 1945 he hid some fugitives in his house who were on the run from the Sicherheitsdienst. During his naturalisation from a stateless person to a Dutch citizen, this was put forward as proof that he was 'on the right side'.^[5] His naturalisation was approved in the Senate on 2 November 1950.^[6]

A year later, the family moved to New York,^[3] and later to Los Angeles.^[7] When Meijer heard about Otto's intended marriage to Fritzi Markovits he wished them happiness. In the same letter, he wrote about a television broadcast in America about the diary. In particular, he found the characters of Peter, Margot and Otto - all of whom he knew - realistic.^[8]

Through Otto Frank, the Meijer family came into contact with the playwrights Albert Hackett and Frances Hackett-Goodrich.^[9]

The correspondence between the Meijer family and Otto and Fritzi Frank-Markovits continued for years.^[10]

Source personal data.^[11] Addresses: Bremen; Botticellistraat 36-II, Amsterdam (Sept. 1934), Alexander Battalaan 72, Maastricht (May 1935);^[12] Beethovenstraat 74-III, Amsterdam (Aug. 1937), Slaakstraat 5-III (April 1938), Zuider Amstellaan 38 huis (July 1939); New York (Nov. 1951);^[3] 1011 Meadowbrook Avenue, Los Angeles (1952); 907 Hauser Boulevard, LA (1957).^[13]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Verslag der Handelingen van de Tweede Kamer der Staten – Generaal, 1949 – 1950, Bijlagen, Kamerstuknr. 1743, ondernr. 3.
2. ^{^} Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister: Gezinskaarten (toegangsnummer 5422): Gezinskaart E.M. Meijer; SAA, Burgerlijke Stand (toegang 5009), inv. nr. 6483: Huwelijksakten 1938, deel 15, 15v, akte 29.
3. ^{a, b, c} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart E.M. Meijer.
4. ^{^} SAA, Archiefkaart Eleonore Cohen; overlijdensbericht, Algemeen Handelsblad, 7 november 1940.
5. ^{^} Handelingen Tweede Kamer, 1949 – 1950, Kamerstuknr. 1743, ondernr. 3.
6. ^{^} Verslag der Handelingen van de Eerste Kamer der Staten – Generaal, 1950 – 1951, p. 109.
7. ^{^} Anne Frank Stichtig (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), Otto Frank Archief (OFA), reg. code OFA_085: E.M. Meijer, 25 november 1952 en 31 december 1957.
8. ^{^} AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_085: E.M. Meijer, 25 november 1952.
9. ^{^} Wisconsin Center for Theatre Research, Madison, WI, Goodrich and Hackett papers, doos nr. 2, correspondentie 1 december 1953 - 29 december 1955, Otto Frank aan Frances Goodrich en Albert Hackett, 1 januari 1954.
10. ^{^} AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_085: Briefwisseling met het gezin E.M. Meijer, de oudste brief is van 25 november 1952, de jongste van 25 juli 1972. Mogelijk is deze correspondentie niet compleet.
11. ^{^} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart E.M. Meijer; Anne AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_085: Brief van Rohn Meijer aan Otto en Fritzi Frank, 8 mei 1977.
12. ^{^} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister: Gezinskaarten (toegangsnummer 5422): Gezinskaart E.M. Meijer.
13. ^{^} AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_085: brieven van E.M. Meijer, 25 november 1952 en 31 december 1957.

Ernst Pfeffer

1892-10-21 | Gießen , Duitsland
8-15-1944 | Leicester , Engeland

Ernst Pfeffer was a younger brother of Fritz Pfeffer

Ernst Elias Pfeffer was the fifth child of Ignatz Pfeffer and Jeanette Pfeffer-Hirsch and a younger brother of Fritz Pfeffer. Like Fritz, he studied medicine at the University of Würzburg.^[1] In 1918 Ernst moved to Berlin, where he completed his dental training in 1920.^[2] Between 1929 and 1936 he had a dental practice at Friedrich Wilhelm Straße 12 in Berlin-Tempelhof.^[3]

Because of the Nazi persecutions in Germany, Ernst applied to the General Medical Council (GMC) in London for registration as a dentist in the United Kingdom in 1935.^[4] His application was approved on 13 November 1935 and he subsequently fled to England in 1936. Here he continued to practice his profession as a dentist. About a thousand Jewish dentists from Nazi Germany and Austria applied for registration with the GMC in the 1930s, just like Ernst, hoping to escape to the United Kingdom that way. Out of a thousand applications, about three hundred were approved. Fritz Pfeffer also started an application, but it was rejected by the GMC on 5 May 1937.^[5]

However, Fritz did manage to send his son, Werner Pfeffer, to England on the 1 December 1938 children's transport. Arriving in London via Harwich, Werner was taken in by his uncle Ernst.^[6] Werner survived the war.

A birthday card from 1937 or 1938 is known from Fritz addressed to Ernst, written on the back of a photo of Fritz with his son Werner.^[7]

Ernst died a natural death in Leicester on 15 August 1944. He was 51 years old at the time.

Source personal data.^[8] Addresses: Gießen; Lützowplatz 11 (1926-1930), Lützowplatz 21 (1931-1936), Berlin; 14 Park Lane, London; 2 Highpoint, North Hill, Highgate.^[2]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Brief van Stadtarchiv Gießen aan Bernd Lindenthal, 2 september 1999.
2. ^{a, b} John Zamet, German and Austrian refugee dentists. The response of the Britisch authorities 1933-1945, Ph.D. thesis Oxford Brookes University, 2007, p. 273.
3. ^{^} Zentral- und Landesbibliothek Berlin, Berliner Adreßbuch für das Jahr 1929 (Berlijn: Scherl, 1903-1943), 2002. https://digital.zlb.de/viewer/image/34115495_1929/2680/ (geraadpleegd 03 januari 2024).
4. ^{^} Zarnet, German and Austrian refugee dentists, p. 280; The minutes of the General Medical Council (G.M.C. London) Volume 72 - 1935. Reports on Applications for Registration of Foreign dentists under the Dentists Act 1878, p. 245-251.
5. ^{^} Bernd Lindenthal, 'Fritz Pfeffer war der Zimmergenosse von Anne Frank: zur Erinnerung an den Zahnarzt aus Gießen', in: Mitteilungen des Oberhessischen Geschichtsvereins Gießen, NF 85, 2000, p. 100-102.
6. ^{^} National Archives, London, Home Office, PRO/HO396/67/439, ‘Regional Advisory Committee’: Advies 13 oktober 1943.
7. ^{^} Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, reg. code A_Pfeffer_III_002.
8. ^{^} "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:Q2WB-72ZJ: 10 September 2021), Ernst Elias Pfeffer; Burial, Leicester, Leicester Unitary Authority, Leicestershire, England, Gilroes Cemetery and Crematorium; citing record ID 168123291, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com (geraadpleegd 21 december 2021).

Esther Troeder

3-29-1923 | Amsterdam , Nederland
7-2-1943 | Sobibór , Polen

Esther Troeder was an office worker at Opekta.

Esther Troeder was born on 29 March 1923, as the daughter of Hijman Troeder and Saartje Troeder-Voet. She was an only child in a Jewish family and lived at Waterlooplein 85-III in Amsterdam during her youth.^[1]

In the mid-1940s, Esther joined Opekta and/or Pectacon. Little is known about Esther's time at Otto Frank's company, but in some photos taken in May 1941 she can be seen with a number of her colleagues, including Bep Voskuijl and Miep Gies, in the office at Prinsengracht 263.

Esther was also present at the wedding of Jan Gies and Miep Santrouschitz on 16 July 1941. In two of the wedding photos, Esther can be seen walking next to Anne Frank. Esther was often mistaken for Margot Frank. However, that day Margot was ill and therefore not present at the wedding. Edith Frank also stayed home to care for her daughter.^[2]

Due to the compulsory Aryanization of Jewish companies and the forced dismissal of Jewish employees, it was impossible for Esther to continue working at Opekta at the end of 1941. According to Miep Gies, Esther had already left before Otto Frank discussed his plans to go into hiding with her. After Esther was forced to leave, Miep lost touch with her.^[3]

On 12 August 1942, Esther married Meijer Wertheim, a leather worker from Amsterdam. Six months later they moved in together at Tugelaweg 95-I, before moving again two months later to Pretoriusplein 5-I.^[1]

They did not live there long either, because on 20 June 1943, Esther and Meijer were arrested and deported to Camp Westerbork. In Westerbork, Esther was sent to barrack 67. The same penal barrack where the Frank family ended up one year later. A stricter regime applied in this barrack. Many people in hiding were therefore placed there. Why Esther as well is unclear. David Lear, who has written a short biography about her, suggests that she may have tried to go into hiding.^[4] However, her husband Meijer was not in one of the penal barracks.^[5]

Nine days after their arrival in Westerbork, Esther and Meijer were deported to Sobibór extermination camp. They were both murdered there on 2 July 1943, immediately after arrival. Esther was 20 years old at the time.^[6]

Source personal data.^[1] Addresses in Amsterdam: Waterlooplein 85-III, Iepenplein 18-III, Tugelaweg 95-I, Pretoriusplein 5-I.

Footnotes

1. ^{a, b, c} Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, archiefkaarten, toegang 30238, inv. nr. 820: archiefkaart E. Troeder.
2. ^{^} Miep Gies & Alison Leslie Gold, Herinneringen aan Anne Frank. Het verhaal van Miep Gies, de steun en toeverlaat van de familie Frank in het Achterhuis, Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 1987, p. 72.
3. ^{^} Anne Frank Stichting, Getuigenarchief Gies, interview Jan en Miep Gies door Wouter van der Sluis en Janrense Boomsma, mei 1992, deel 3, p. 2 en 15.
4. ^{^} David Lear, Esther Troeder: a biographical sketch, Monee, IL: Firestone Books, 2022, p. 55-58.
5. ^{^} Arolsen Archives - International Center on Nazi Persecution, Bad Arolsen, Incarceration Documents, Document ID: 130398704: Meijer Wertheim.
6. ^{^} Arolsen Archives, Incarceration Documents, Document ID: 130398613: Ether Wertheim-Troeder.

Eva Goldberg (1893)

1893-12-13 | Kielce , Polen
5-31-1943 | Sobibor , Polen

Eva Goldberg was the mother of Anne's classmate Sal Kimel.

Eva Goldberg was the mother of Anne's classmate Sal Kimel.^[1] She was married to Felix Kimel.^[2] According to Ab Rinat (Reiner), the son of her sister, Lea Goldberg, and good friend of his cousin Sal Kimel, Eva Goldberg was arrested in the street, but he did not give any further details about this in the interview.^[3]

Source personal data.^[2] Addresses: Berlin; Lutmastraat 15 huis, Amsterdam (’30); Zuider Amstellaan 37 II (March ’33); Daniel Willinkplein 29A hs (18 May 1940); 13 III (June ’40).^[2]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Anne refers to her as his mother. Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 6 January 1944, in: The Collected Worksm transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.
2. ^{a, b, c} Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart E. Goldberg.
3. ^{^} Anne Frank Stichting, Getuigenverhalen 2010, Ab Rinat, 6b: Transcriptie interview door David de Jongh, 4 mei 2009.

Eva Goldberg (1929)

2-8-1929 | Görlitz , Duitsland
7-28-1997 | Las Vegas , USA

Eva Goldberg was an acquaintance of Anne Frank.

Eva Goldberg was an acquaintance of Anne Frank and Sanne Ledermann. Eva’s poetry album contains a German-language poem by both of them.^[1] There is also a photo which has been preserved of Eva together with Anne and Sanne. Eva's mother, Helene Goldberg-Wechsler, was a sister of Annemarie (Anni) and Henriette (Henni) Wechsler.^[2] These aunts of Eva lived on Merwedeplein in Amsterdam.^[3] Eva and her parents visited them regularly. Because Eva was German, she was brought into contact with Anne and Sanne, who were also German. In July 1936, Helene Goldberg took a photo of the three girls.^[2]

During the family's last visit to Amsterdam, Anne and Sanne wrote a little verse in Eva's poetry album on 29 January 1939.^[4] Shortly afterwards, the Goldberg family moved to England.^[2] The German government stripped Eva, and presumably also her parents, of her German 'Staatsangehörigkeit' on 12 July of that year.^[5] On 24 October she boarded the S.S. Washington from Southampton to the United States. They arrived there on 1 November 1939.^[6]

Eva married Czechoslovakian Holocaust survivor Bernard Judd around 1955. She worked at the government department of Motor Vehicles.^[7]

In July 1991, she visited the Anne Frank House and donated a print of the photo of herself with Anne and Sanne.^[8] Eva Goldberg's poetry album is in the possession of the Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) in Washington, DC.^[9]

Source personal data.^[10] Addresses: Moltkestrasse 47, Görlitz (D.);^[5] Croydon, London (GB); Long Island, New York (USA); Sacramento.^[7]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM), Washington DC, collectienummer (accession nr.) 2004.644.1: Poëziealbum Eva Goldberg.
2. ^{a, b, c} Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), reg. code B_Getuigen_I_092.001: brief Eva Goldberg aan Yt Stoker (AFS), 26 oktober 1991.
3. ^{^} Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaarten Annemarie Wechsler (1908) en Henriette Wechsler (1906).
4. ^{^} USHMM, collectienummer 2004.644.1: Album Eva Goldberg.
5. ^{a, b} National Archives and Records Administration, Washington D.C., Collection of Foreign Records Seized, Record Group Number 242, Name Index of Jews Whose German Nationality was Annulled by the Nazi Regime (Berlin Documents Center), NARA microfilm publication T355: indexkaart ten name van Eva Goldberg.
6. ^{^} New York passenger’s lists, 1820 – 1957: shipping manifest S.S. Washington, 24 oktober 1939 (via ancestry.com, januari 2018).
7. ^{a, b} Survivor ID’s ‘anonymous’ girl in Anne Frank picture”, J. (The Jewish Newsweekly, 23 juli 2004).
8. ^{^} AFS, Getuigenarchief, Goldberg, Eva: Ongedateerde notitie bij correspondentie met Eva Goldberg.
9. ^{^} Zie ook: Lauren Leiderman, Das Poesiealbum von Eva Goldberg, Berlin: Hentrich & Hentrich, 2021.
10. ^{^} New York passenger’s lists, 1820 – 1957: shipping manifest S.S. Washington, 24 oktober 1939; U.S., Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936-2007: Eva Goldberg [Eva M Judd], SSN 548340784.

Eva Kaempfer - Wrzesinski

12-16-1914 | Berlijn , Duitsland
2-14-1996 | Den Haag , Nederland

Anne Frank and Sanne Ledermann were guests of the Kaempfer family in Beekbergen in the summer of 1941.

Eva Suzanna Wrzesinski married Heinz Kaempfer on 7 June 1936 in Berlin.^[1] Their sun Raymond, was born in The Hague on 4 March 1940.^[2] Because the family had to leave the coastal region, they rented the house 'Op den Driest' in Beekbergen in 1941. Family and friends could come and have a holiday there, which became a source of income.^[3]

In the summer of 1941, Sanne Ledermann and Anne were guests in Beekbergen. Several photos were taken. Eva Kaempfer is In two of them.^[4]

Source personal data.^[5] Addresses: Sijzenlaan 55, Den Haag (juni 1936);^[1] Van der Aastraat 80, Den Haag (oktober 1936);^[6] Koningsweg 5, Beekbergen.^[3]

Footnotes

1. ^{a, b} Haags Gemeentearchief (HGA), Den Haag, Bevolkingsregister Den Haag Kaas – Kaffa (toegang 0354-01.0590): Gezinskaart Heinz Kaempfer.
2. ^{^} “Burgerlijke Stand”, De Standaard. Haagsche editie, 5 maart 1940.
3. ^{a, b} Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Getuigenarchief, Kaempfer, Raymond: Aantekeningen telefoongesprek van AFS (Yt Stoker?) met R. Kaempfer, 9 november 2006.
4. ^{^} AFS, Anne Frank Collectie, reg. code A_AFrank_III_055: Fotoalbum ‘Blanco Monster Electro Huishoudboek 1937’, p. 48.
5. ^{^} HGA, Bevolkingsregister Den Haag Kaas – Kaffa (toegang 0354-01.0590): Gezinskaart Heinz Kaempfer; https://www.online-familieberichten.nl/pers/1293497 (geraadpleegd 28 oktober 2019)
6. ^{^} Stadsarchief Rotterdam, Bevolkingsboekhouding, inv. nr. 851-228: Gezinskaart Kaempfer.

Eva Meijer - Weijers

1-21-1914 | Wiesdorf , Duitsland
5-7-2012 | Ashland, OR , USA

Eva Weijers knew Otto Frank from the pre-war Liberal Jewish Community.

Eva Weijers and her husband and children were good friends of Otto Frank. She was born in Germany. Because her parents were Dutch, she obtained Dutch nationality.^[1] When she lived with her sister Katharina (Kitty) in Maastricht, she got to know a few German Jews who had emigrated.^[2] After leaving for Amsterdam, she married one of them, Ernst Meijer, on 27 April 1938. Because of this she lost Dutch nationality and on 3 May 1938 she was summoned to surrender her Dutch passport.^[3] Witnesses to the marriage were Eva's sister Katharina Weijers and Walter Lippmann.^[4]

She signed a petition in May 1938 by which about forty members of the Liberal Jewish Congregation, including Otto Frank, supported the board in its application to be recognised as a church in the sense of the law.^[5]

She had three sons: Frank Harry (1939), Paul James (1940) and Ronald Leon (1944). As a mixed marriage with half-Jewish children, the family survived the occupation. However, they were stateless.^[6] On 2 November 1950, the Upper House of Parliament granted a naturalisation request.^[7]

The family of Eva Meijer-Weijers continued to correspond with Otto Frank for many years.^[8]

Source personal data.^[9] Addresses: Theodoor Schaepkensstraat 76, Maastricht; Beethovenstraat 74-III, Amsterdam (March ’38),^[3] Slaakstraat 5-III (April ’38), Zuider Amstellaan 38 huis (July ’39), New York (’51).^[10]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} E-mail van Rohn Meijer aan Erika Prins (Anne Frank Stichting (AFS)), 17 mei 2012.
2. ^{^} E-mail van Louise van Tuijl aan Gertjan Broek (AFS), 6 november 2017.
3. ^{a, b} Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten (toegangsnummer 5422): Gezinskaart E. Weijers. 
4. ^{^} SAA, Burgerlijke Stand (toegang 5009), inv. nr. 6483: Register van huwelijken 1938, deel 15, p. 15v, akte no. 29.
5. ^{^} Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, Ministerie van Justitie, Dossiers Kerkgenootschappen, toegang 2.09.35.01, inv. nr. 68: petitie, 27 mei 1938.
6. ^{^} Handelingen Tweede Kamer, 1949 – 1950, Bijlagen, Kamerstuknr. 1743, ondernr. 3.
7. ^{^} Handelingen Eerste Kamer, 1950 – 1951, p. 109.
8. ^{^} AFS, Anne Frank Collectie, Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA_085: briefwisseling met het gezin E.M. Meijer, de oudste brief is van 25 november 1952, de jongste van 25 juli 1972. Mogelijk is deze correspondentie niet compleet. 
9. ^{^} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart E. Weijers; E-mail van Rohn Meijer aan Erika Prins (Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), 17 mei 2012.
10. ^{^} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart E. Weijers.

Eva Schloss

Unkown Birth Date | Unkown Birth Place , Unkown Birth Country
Unkown Death Date | Unkown Death Place , Unkown Death Country

Eva Schloss is the daughter of Otto Frank's second wife Fritzi Markovits.

Eva Schloss is the daughter of Otto Frank's second wife Fritzi Markovits. She spent the first years of her life in 1930s Vienna. After the 'Anschluss' in 1938, she went to live in Brussels with her brother and mother. Her father Erich was a shoe manufacturer, like his father.^[1]

Around February 1940, Eva arrived at Merwedeplein with her brother and parents. She attended the nearby Vondel School.^[2] One of her classmates was Sanne Ledermann. She had to leave that school in 1941 and attended sixth grade at a Jewish primary school.^[3]

In 1942, Eva went into hiding with her mother. They were at different addresses. The last hiding place of her brother Heinz and father Erich was with Gré Katee-Walda on Noorderweg in Soest.^[4] Eva and Fritzi regularly visited them by train, even though they knew they were taking a big risk by doing so. They sent postcards to Katee under the names Annie and Elly. This was how they announced visits or passed on other messages for husband and brother. On 23 November 1943, they wrote that Eva ('Elly') had been vaccinated against diphtheria.^[5] And another letter shows that they wanted to visit on 23 December 1943.^[6]

When Eva and her mother wanted to go to a temporary hiding place in Amsterdam in May 1944, they fell into the hands of the Sichterheitsdienst through betrayal, as did her father and brother.^[7] The whole family was shipped to Auschwitz via Westerbork. They were part of the 19 May 1944 transport. Only Eva and her mother survived and made the same repatriation journey across Odessa and Marseille as Otto Frank.

Eva went to the Amsterdam Lyceum after her return and entered the 'Extra Work Class' in mid-June 1945.^[8] As a side job, she worked at the Institute of Light Pictures on Herengracht.^[9]

In July 1949, she went to the World Union for Progressive Judaism congress in London as a delegate of the Liberal Jewish Congregation. As a result, she was not present at the ceremonial closing of her school.

Otto Frank knew someone in London with a photography studio and she was able to go there as an apprentice. Later, she devoted herself to photographing children. She married Israeli H. ('Zvi') Schloss on 17 July 1952. The couple continued to live in London and had three daughters. Zvi died in 2016.

In 1972, Eva started an antiques business.^[10] It was located on Whitchurch Lane in Edgeware and was called Edgeware Antiques.^[11]

Eva opened The World of Anne Frank exhibition in London in 1986.^[12] It was the first time she appeared in public regarding anything Anne Frank-related. Then in 1988, in collaboration with journalist Evelyn Julia Kent, she published her own story entitled Eva's story. A survivor's tale by the stepsister of Anne Frank.^[13] In Dutch, it appeared in 1995 as Herinneringen van een Joods meisje.

The Faculty of Health, Social Work and Education at the University of Northumbria (Newcastle) awarded her a Degree of Honorary Doctor of Civil Law in July 2001. This is because of the high recognition she has received internationally for her educational activities. She is therefore permitted to put 'Hon DCL' after her name.^[14]

In January 2012, Queen Elizabeth made her a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) for her educational work and her role in the Anne Frank Trust UK.

Eva Schloss decided to reacquire Austrian citizenship in June 2021 after decades. Since her now-deceased husband wanted nothing to do with his originally German nationality, she initially had doubts. Austria also awarded her the Medal of Merit, an award similar to the British MBE.^[15]

Addresses: Lautenbachgasse 18, Vienna,^[16]  Brussels; Merwedeplein 46-I, Amsterdam (February 1940); 8 Olive Road, London (1953).^[17]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Eva Schloss, Herinneringen van een Joods meisje 1938 – 1945, 3e druk, Breda: De Geus, 2005, p. 23.
2. ^{^} Tot 1938 was dat de Jekerschool, de school die Margot Frank bezocht.
3. ^{^} Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Het Amsterdams Lyceum, toegang 902, inv. nr. 2713: Notitie in leerlingendossier van Eva Minni Geiringer.
4. ^{^} Nationaal Archief (NL-HaNA), Den Haag, Centraal Archief van de Bijzondere Rechtspleging (CABR), toegang 2.09.09, inv. nr. 75212: p.v.b. no. 188, Politieke Recherche Afdeling van de Gemeentepolitie Soest.
5. ^{^} Familiearchief Anne Frank Fonds (AFF), Bazel, Familiearchief Frank-Elias, OtF_pdoc_019, tien kaarten aan Katee-Walda, 1943; privécollectie Eva Schloss-Geiringer: kaart aan Katee-Walda, 1943. Hier: OtF pdoc 019: kaart 23 november 1943.
6. ^{^} AFF, OtF pdoc 019: kaart 19 december 1943.
7. ^{^} NL-HaNA, CABR, inv. nr. 75212: p.v.b. no. 188, p. 9.
8. ^{^} SAA, Het Amsterdams Lyceum, toegang 902, inv. nr. 2713: Leerlingendossier van Eva Minni Geiringer.
9. ^{^} AFS, Getuigenverhalen: Transcriptie interview Eva Schloss-Geiringer door David de Jongh, 12 en 13 november 2008, tijdcode 1:01:16.
10. ^{^} AFS, Getuigenverhalen: transcriptie interview Evan Schloss-Geiringer, tijdcode 00:26:42.
11. ^{^} AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_074: Notitie Eva Schloss op briefpapier van de zaak, ongedateerd.
12. ^{^} 'Eva Schloss: Anne Frank was gewoon meisje', Het Parool, 13 februari 1986.
13. ^{^} 'De terugkeer van Eva Schloss', Trouw, 22 april 1984.
14. ^{^} AFS, AFC, Getuigenarchief E. Schloss-Geiringer: E-mail Hilary Dixon van Northumbria, 18 juni 2021. 
15. ^{^} https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-57518071, (geraadpleegd 23 juni 2021).
16. ^{^} Wiener Adressbuch. Lehmann’s allgemeiner Wohnungs-Anzeiger I, Wenen: Österreichische Anzeige-Gesellschaft AG, 1935, p. 353.
17. ^{^} Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), Otto Frank Archief (OFA), reg. code: OFA_010: Agenda 1953, Adressen.

Evelina Werthauer

7-30-1925 | Frankfurt am Main , Duitsland
5-2-2010 | White Rock, NM , USA

In November 1933, Evelina Werthauer moved with her mother and brother from Frankfurt to Amsterdam, where her father had already been living for some months. She was friends with Anne and Margot Frank and was in Margot's class at primary school.

Evelina Werthauer was photographed during a fancy-dress party,  probably to celebrate Purim, together with Anne, Margot, Barbara Ledermann and some other children in early 1934 in the Frank family's home on Merwedeplein.^[1] Like Barbara and Margot, Evelina attended the Jeker School. She and her classmates appear in the photo taken during a school trip to the Pyramid of Austerlitz.^[2] In September 1936 she left for France as 'Evelyne' Werthauer to play a small role in the Dutch film production De man zonder hart (The man without a heart).^[3]

After primary school she went to a different school than Margot. In April 1941, she fled to New York with her parents and brother.^[4]

In the later years of her life, she lived in Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA.

Source personal data.^[5] Addresses: Wiesenau 8 II, Frankfurt am Main,^[6] Diezestraat 7-I, Amsterdam (1933); Stadionweg 90-III (1935);^[7] 41 Central Park West, New York.^[4]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), reg. code A_AFrank_III_027.057.
2. ^{^} Klassenfoto vierde klas Jekerschool in Austerlitz, 9 juli 1936, AFS, AFC, reg. code B_Getuigen_III_031.
3. ^{^} Fotobijschrift 'Jeugdige filmsterren', Delftsche Courant, 5 september 1936 (achterpagina).
4. ^{a, b} National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Washington DC, VS, Immigration and Naturalization Dpt.: Declaration of Intention F.M. Werthauer, 11 december 1941, volgnr. 511377.
5. ^{^} Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten (toegangsnummer 5422): Gezinskaart F.M. Werthauer; https://www.mykeeper.com/profile/EvelynSLatimer/ (geraadpleegd 21 november 2023).
6. ^{^} Amtlicher Frankfurter Adreßbuch 1932, Frankfurt am Main: August Scherl GmbH, 1932, deel I, p. 770, https://sammlungen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/periodika, (geraadpleegd 22 augustus 2022).
7. ^{^} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten (toegangsnummer 5422): Gezinskaart F.M. Werthauer.

Felix Mittwoch

1887-04-01 | Schrimm , Duitsland
Unkown Death Date | Unkown Death Place , Unkown Death Country

Felix Mittwoch was Fritz Pfeffer's landlord in Amsterdam in 1942.

Felix Mittwoch was Fritz Pfeffer's landlord. Pfeffer lived with him in the attic on Bernard Zweerskade. On 30 November 1942, Mittwoch wrote to the Amsterdam Aliens Police that Pfeffer had told him he had to go to hospital because of a kidney complaint.^[1]

Before coming to the Netherlands, Mittwoch was a lawyer. He was 'Dr. jur., ‘Justitiar des Hilfsvereins der Juden in Deutschland’.^[2] In the Netherlands, he held a position with the Jewish Council.

Source personal data.^[3] Addresses: Oranje Nassaulaan 45hs, Amsterdam (18 November '38); Okeghemstraat 41 I (10 February '39); Bernard Zweerskade 20 III (3 April '39).^[3]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Gemeentepolitie Amsterdam, inv. nr. 4046: brief van Mittwoch aan Vreemdelingendienst, 30 november 1942.
2. ^{^} C.V.-Zeitung. Allgemeine Zeitung des Judentums, 18 maart 1937.
3. ^{a, b} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart F. Mittwoch.

Frank Philips

Unkown Birth Date | Unkown Birth Place , Unkown Birth Country
Unkown Death Date | Unkown Death Place , Unkown Death Country

Frank Philips was a newsreader at the BBC.

Frank Philips (1901-1980) was a BBC newsreader, singer and broadcaster.^[1] Philips was originally a singer by profession, and joined the BBC staff in 1935.^[1] When he visited the Netherlands in 1948, he was described as: "A man whose words were worth as much as the meagre daily bread to millions of people in the five years of war behind us […]".^[2]

Footnotes

1. ^{a, b} Zie http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0680400/ (geraadpleegd december 2012). Mentioned by Anne in her diary. Anne Frank, Diary Versions A and B, 27 March 1944, in: The Collected Works, transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.
2. ^{^} Ë®BBC-omroeper Frank Philips met vacantie te Hilversum“, Gooi- en Eemlander, 23 juni 1948.

Frans van Angeren

1893-04-04 | Utrecht , Nederland
7-21-1960 | Utrecht , Nederland

Frans van Angeren was a business partner of Otto Frank.

Frans van Angeren was a confectioner, tea room owner and business partner of Otto Frank. He represented Pomosin Werke in Utrecht, and employed Victor Kugler there for 10 years.^[1] 

At the time of Otto Frank's naturalisation procedure, Van Angeren declared himself willing to act as a reference for him.^[2] In the 1950s, he shut down his business due to a heart condition and high blood pressure.^[3] In early 1959, however, he called Opekta, apparently about the takeover: he was afraid that everything would fall into Pomosin's hands.^[4]

Following his death, the Utrechtsch Nieuwsblad published an article about him on 23 July 1960. When Kugler wrote to Otto Frank on 6 April 1973 that he had received the Yad Vashem medal on 4 April, he added: “Herrn van  Anger’n Geburtstag”.^[5]

Van Angeren was married to W.J.A. Hofhuis (1893-1986), a sister of Joop. He was the godfather of Joop's son Frans (’35).^[6] He was also a brother of the General Secretary and later Minister of Justice J.R.M. van Angeren.

Source personal data.^[7] Addresses: Lange Viestraat 14, Utrecht; Biltovenseweg 4, De Bilt (May ’35); Karel Doormanlaan 7, flat 1, 4 hoog (May ’58).^[7]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), Otto Frank Archief (OFA), reg. code OFA_100: Otto Frank aan J.R.M. van Angeren, 6 februari 1948.
2. ^{^} Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, Ministerie van Justitie, Verbaalarchief, 1915-1955; Kabinetsarchief, 1915-1940, nummer toegang 2.09.22, inv. nr. 13402: Otto Frank aan Th. de Meester, 9 februari 1946.
3. ^{^} AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_085: Joop Hofhuis aan Otto Frank, 15 oktober 1959.
4. ^{^} AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_085: Jeanne Kwakernaak aan Otto Frank, 12 februari 1959.
5. ^{^} AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_080: Victor Kugler aan Otto Frank, 6 april 1973.
6. ^{^} Mededeling van Frans Hofhuis, 12 juli 2011.
7. ^{a, b} Het Utrechts Archief, Utrecht, Handelsregister Utrecht, Kamer van Koophandel en Fabrieken Utrecht, dossier 2470.

Franz Klose

1879-08-17 | Prettgrund (Schatzlar) , Oostenrijk-Hongarije
3-30-1956 | Gladbeck , Duitsland

Franz Klosewas the foster father of Victor Kugler.

Franz Klose was Victor Kugler's foster father. Klose received a card, postmarked 16 November 1916, from Victor Kugler when he was at the K.u.K. Matrosenschule.^[1] He also signed his report cards during the school years at the Norbertinum. Around 1909 he married Emilie Kugler.^[2]

Source personal data.^[2] Addresses: Bohnekampstrasse 49, Gladbeck (Westfalia, 1916).^[1] Tunnelstrasse 12; Hermannstrasse 16.^[2]

Footnotes

1. ^{a, b} Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, reg. code A_Kugler_I_019.
2. ^{a, b, c} Stadtarchiv Gladbeck: Meldekartei en Hausstandsbuch Gladbeck.

Franz Ledermann

1889-10-18 | Hirschberg , Duitsland
11-18-1943 | Auschwitz , Unkown Death Country

Franz Ledermann was the father of Anne's friend Sanne and Margot's friend Barbara.

Franz Ledermann was the father of Anne's friend Susanne (Sanne) and Margot's friend Barbara. He married the Dutch Ilse Luise Citroen, a sister of the Dutch painter Paul Citroen, on 16 October 1924. Their two daughters were born in 1925 and 1928.^[1]

In 1933, he left Berlin with his family. After a short stay in Zandvoort, he registered in Amsterdam on 14 December 1933.^[1] Together with Hans Goslar he founded a legal, economic and financial consultancy firm.^[2] They focused, among other things, on exchanging houses, mortgages and businesses in the Netherlands for factories, wholesalers and retailers in Germany.^[3] They also represented the Palestine Land Development Company Ltd.^[4]

Although he had a doctorate, he took the candidate examination in law at the University of Amsterdam at the end of 1935.^[5] He then acted as trustee in bankruptcies, among other things.^[6]

On 11 June 1941, there was a raid in Amsterdam-South, mainly targeting former residents of Werkdorp Wieringermeer.^[7] One of those arrested was Ernst Kaufmann, at that time staying with Ledermann. (1911 – 1941).^[8]

Franz Ledermann, his wife and his youngest daughter Susanne were arrested on 20 June 1943 and taken to Westerbork. From there they went to Auschwitz on 16 November 1943.
An attempt, from Westerbork, to qualify for emigration to Palestine did not succeed.

Source personal data.^[1][9][2] Addresses: Genthiner Strasse 5a, Berlin;^[10] Zandvoort; Noorder Amstellaan 37-III, Amsterdam (’33).^[1]

Footnotes

1. ^{a, b, c, d} Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegang 30238): Archiefkaart F.A. Ledermann.
2. ^{a, b} Advertentie “Bemiddeling”, Nieuw Israëlietisch Weekblad, 1 januari 1934.
3. ^{^} Advertentie “Tausch mit Deutschland”, Limburger Koerier, 4 mei 1936.
4. ^{^} ”Advertentie “Palestine Land Development Company Ltd.”, Nieuw Israëlietisch Weekblad, 26 februari 1937.
5. ^{^} “Academische examens”, De Tijd, 7 december 1935.
6. ^{^} “Faillissementen”, Gooi- en Eemlander, 28 maart 1939.
7. ^{^} Zie http://www.joodsamsterdam.nl/werkdorp-wieringermeer/ (geraadpleegd 27 februari 2018).
8. ^{^} NIOD Nederlands Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust- en Genocidestudies, Archief Joodsche Raad (toegang 182), inv. nr. 263: Lijst van de op 11 Juni 1941 gearresteerde Joodsche mannen, p. 2.
9. ^{^} Zie https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/183780/franz-anton-ledermann.
10. ^{^} Jüdisches Adressbuch für Gross-Berlin 1931, Berlijn: arani-Verlag, 1994, p. 228.

Fried Roozendaal

1894-03-12 | Almelo , Nederland
3-31-1944 | Unkown Death Place , Unkown Death Country

Fried Roozendaal was the brother of Bernard Roozendaal and a brother-in-law of Willy Kleiman, who was Johannes Kleiman's brother.

Siegfried (Fried) Roozendaal was the brother of Bernard Roozendaal and a brother-in-law of Willy Kleiman, who was Johannes Kleiman's brother.^[1]

Roozendaal was a salesman in gentlemen's clothing^[2] and a director of ‘The Derby Cap Factory’ (early 1920s).^[1] He married E. Gosschalk in 1922. The marriage ended in divorce in 1933. On 22 April 1942 he married Henriette Klijn. He had a daughter from his first marriage; Rosalie was born in 1924.^[3] Just like his daughter Rosalie and his brother Isidor, Roozendaal was hard of hearing, a familial condition.^[4]

In 1930 Roozendaal submitted to the United States a patent for the invisible repair of textiles.^[5] According to a relative, he had appropriated it since the actual discovery was made by his brother Bernard.^[6]

He was picked up in October 1942. In contrast to what Anne writes in her diary,^[7] it seems that this was the consequence of betrayal by Jan Engels, his business partner and confidant.^[8] Engels had witnessed his marriage to Henriette Klijn.^[9]

Source personal data.^[3] Addresses: Zuider Amstellaan 115 huis, Amsterdam (1939); Roerstraat 107 huis (May 1942).^[3]

Footnotes

1. ^{a, b} Noord-Hollands Archief, Haarlem, Handelsregister Amsterdam, inv. nr. 168, volgnr. 21013.
2. ^{^} Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten (toegangsnummer 5422): Gezinskaart S.J. Roozendaal.
3. ^{a, b, c} SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart S.J. Roozendaal.
4. ^{^} Anne Frank Stichting, Getuigenarchief, Roozendaal: Telefoongesprek met Gretha Roozendaal door Gertjan Broek, 22 december 2008.
5. ^{^} United States Patent Office, reg. nr. 1765098, 17 juni 1930.
6. ^{^} E-mail van Fried Roozendaal (neef), 21 mei 2010.
7. ^{^} Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 6 and 26 October 1942, in: The Collected Works, transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.
8. ^{^} Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, Nederlands Beheersinstituut: Beheersdossiers, nummer toegang 2.09.16, inv. nr. 158508: Verklaring Rosalie Roozendaal, 1945(?).
9. ^{^} SAA, Burgerlijke Stand, toegang 5009, inv. nr. 6729: register van huwelijksakten 1942, deel 21, 30v, akte 55.  

 

Frieda Menco - Brommet

8-11-1925 | Amsterdam , Nederland
2-22-2019 | Amsterdam , Nederland

Frieda Brommet knew the Frank family from the neighbourhood and had contact with them in the various concentration camps. Together with Anne and Margot Frank, she spent some time in the scabies barrack in Auschwitz.

Frieda Brommet was born on 11 August 1925 in Amsterdam, where she grew up at Zuider-Amstellaan 74-I (now Rooseveltlaan) in the Rivierenbuurt neighbourhood. Her mother Rebecca Ritmeester-Brommet (1897-1989) was a housewife; her father Joel (Jo) Brommet (1896-1945) was a window dresser for De Bijenkorf, among others.^[1]

Frieda went to the Dintel School, at 5-7 Dintelstraat. After that, she went to the three-year Trade School. When she was in the third grade there, the war broke out in the Netherlands and she became aware of her Jewishness for the first time. As she would often say later: "On 10 May, I became Jewish."^[2]

Hiding and betrayal

After the third grade, Frieda continued at the Secondary Trade School. When she transferred there to the fifth grade, she had to leave school because of anti-Jewish measures and went to the HBS School on Mauritskade, which was specially set up for Jewish students.^[3]

In early July 1942, Frieda received a call-up to report for labour. Like Margot Frank, she was 16 when she received the call-up. Frieda's father got the idea of faking scarlet fever and went to the Zentralstelle on 14 July 1942, arranging a postponement. On the way home from the Zentralstelle, there was an unexpected raid and Jo Brommet was rounded up, along with 700 other Jewish people. He eventually managed to escape and decided to go into hiding with his family.^[4]

The Brommet family had to pay large sums of money for hiding and were not given enough to eat. In the spring of 1944, it was therefore decided to find another solution. This came through the daughter of the family hiding them. She had contacts with a couple who could take the Brommet family to Switzerland for a fee. But after paying 15,000 guilders, there was no trace of the couple and instead, on 29 June 1944, the Sicherheitsdienst (SD) raided the house and the Brommet family was arrested. The Brommet family had been betrayed by two notorious SD infiltrators: married couple Jeanne Valkenburg and Joop Bom.^[5]

Deportation

Frieda was first taken with her father and mother to Euterpestraat in Amsterdam for interrogation. The family was then detained in the prison on Weteringschans. Here Frieda met the poet Rozette (Ronnie) Goldstein-van Cleef (1921-2008), with whom she became good friends. She helped her write poems for the men in prison.^[2]

On 1 July 1944, Frieda arrived at Camp Westerbork. A month later, the Frank family was also brought there and they met in the staff barracks.^[6] Before going into hiding, the Brommet family and the Frank family lived close together and knew each other from the neighbourhood.^[7] Like the Frank family, Frieda and her mother were put to work on the batteries.^[8]

On 3 September 1944, Frieda was put on a transport to Auschwitz with her parents, like the people from the Secret Annex. At the selection at the Rampe, she saw her father for the last time. After registration, the women were shaved bald and had a number tattooed on their arm. Frieda's number was A25080, her mother's A25079. Once in the Auschwitz-Birkenau camp, Frieda, like her mother, had to perform forced labour. They lugged stones from one side of the camp to the other side, and back again. Ronnie van Cleef wrote a poem for her about it.^[9]

After her arrival in Auschwitz-Birkenau, Frieda Brommet soon found herself in the Krätzeblock. Ronnie van Cleef had already been admitted there with scarlet fever; Frieda also became infected and was put in the Krätzeblock with her and the Frank sisters. Conditions in the Krätzeblock were bad. To help their daughters, Frieda Brommet and Edith Frank's mother, and helped by Lenie de Jong, dug a hole somewhere along the side of the hut to give food to the children.^[10] Frieda recalled how she was fed through the hole:

''And during that period when Ronnie and I were there together, the thing is that my mother and Mrs Frank, Edith, formed a kind of couple. Because together they stole things they ... They dug a hole together. (...) One day my mother came and she could also speak through that hole, and she said, she would shout, 'Frieda! Frieda!' (...) And said: 'Mrs Frank and I are the only ones here in the camp now. We have been hiding because the group has been put on a transport. But we hid because we wanted to stay with you. And we stole some bread and I am giving it to you now through the hole and you have to share it between the four of you.' And that four was with Margot and Anne (...).'^[2]

In the Krätzeblock, Frieda soon became even sicker, contracting typhus fever, Durchfall (diarrhoea) and eventually pleurisy. She thus ended up in several infirmary huts and was reunited with her mother who had also fallen ill. In mid-January 1945, Auschwitz was cleared for the approaching Soviet army. Frieda and her mother remained in the infirmary hut and were liberated by the Soviet army on 27 January 1945.^[11]

After liberation

It took Frieda months to recover from the illnesses she contracted in Auschwitz. She therefore devoted the first years after the war to her recovery, as well as attending various courses and evening grammar school. She also got work as a telephone operator, which she could perform lying down while recovering.^[12] In January 1951, she married Herman Samuel Menco (1925-2002), who had also survived Auschwitz. They had two sons together.^[13]

Frieda later recounted her war experiences in schools and in interviews. She said about this: "What I can still do today, against indifference and against injustice. For me, that is the basis of everything."^[2]

On 15 March 2011, Frieda was at the Anne Frank House for the opening of the exhibition Margot, sister of Anne.^[14]

Source personal data.^[15][14] Addresses: Amsterdam, Zuider-Amstellaan 74-I (until summer '42);^[16] Tilburg (May-June '45);^[17] Amsterdam, Henry Polaklaan 8-10 (summer '45); Henry Polaklaan 27II (24 Mar '47).^[18]

Friedrich Klose

2-10-1913 | Duisburg-Rührort , Duitsland
Unkown Death Date | Unkown Death Place , Unkown Death Country

Friedrich Klose was a half-brother of Victor Kugler.

Friedrich Klose was a son of Franz Klose and Emilie Kugler^[1] and a half-brother of Victor Kugler.

Source personal data.^[1]

Footnotes

1. ^{a, b} Stadtarchiv Gladbeck: Meldekarte und Hausstandsbuch Gladbeck.

Friedrich Schiller

1759-11-10 | Marbach am Neckar , Duitsland
1805-05-09 | Weimar , Duitsland

Schiller was a German writer whose tragedies Anne Frank read in the Secret Annex.

Schiller (1759-1805) was a German playwright, philosopher and poet. His works included the historical tragedy 'Don Carlos',^[1] from which Otto read to Anne during the period in hiding.^[2]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Zie http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_von_Schiller (geraadpleegd april 2014).
2. ^{^} Anne Frank, Diary Version B, 29 October 1942, in: The Collected Works, transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.

 

Fritz Martin Werthauer

1892-08-15 | Bielefeld , Duitsland
Unkown Death Date | Unkown Death Place , Unkown Death Country

Fritz Martin Werthauer emigrated from Frankfurt am Main to Amsterdam in 1933.

Fritz Martin Werthauer lived in Rotterdam for a few months from the summer of 1919, where he traded in machines. Towards the end of the year he left for Danzig (now Gdansk in Poland). In June 1920 he married in Berlin, and the couple's children were born in Frankfurt am Main in 1922 and 1925.

In July 1933, Werthauer initially left without his family for Amsterdam, where he moved into a room for a few months. Reunited with his wife, son and daughter, Werthauer lived from November 1933 onwards in the Rivierenbuurt (River District), a few hundred metres away from the Frank family. In February 1934, the daughters of both families attended a party, in fancy dress. There, a photo was taken of them with Barbara Ledermann and two unknown children. After about two years, the Werthauer family moved to Stadionweg.

In mid-April 1941, a few weeks before it closed for good, the American consulate in Rotterdam issued the family with emigration visas. On 22 May 1941 they left Bilbao on board the Marquẽs de Comillas for New York. They arrived there on 10 June and took up residence in a flat near Central Park.

Address: Wiesenau 8 II, Frankfurt am Main.^[1]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Amtlicher Frankfurter Adreßbuch 1932, Frankfurt am Main: August Scherl GmbH, 1932, deel I, p. 770, https://sammlungen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/periodika, (geraadpleegd 22 augustus 2022)

Fritz Pfeffer

1889-04-30 | Gießen , Duitsland
12-20-1944 | Neuengamme , Duitsland

Fritz Pfeffer was one of those hiding in the Secret Annex.

Fritz Pfeffer was born on 30 April 1889 in Giessen as the son of textile merchant Ignatz Pfeffer and Jeanette Hirsch.^[1] He had a sister and four brothers: Minna, Julius, Emil, Ernst and Hans.

After attending grammar school in his home town, he trained as a dentist at the University of Würzburg from 1908 to 1911.^[2][3] From 1913 to 1938 he had his own practice in Berlin-Charlottenburg.^[4]

During the First World War, he was a member of the 116th Infantry Regiment. The division to which this regiment belonged took part in the battles of Verdun and the Somme. Back in Berlin, he resumed his practice. He was also an active sportsman, and was particularly into rowing in the waters around Berlin.

In 1926, Pfeffer married Vera Henriette Bythiner, with whom he had a son named Werner in 1927. The marriage was dissolved in 1933.^[5] In the mid-1930s he met Charlotte Kaletta. They could not marry because by now the racist Nuremberg Laws were in effect. Part of this was a ban on marriages between Jews and non-Jewish Germans.

Pfeffer made an attempt to emigrate to the United Kingdom, but on 5 May 1937 his application for registration as a dentist was rejected by the General Medical Council (GMC) in London.^[6] His younger brother Ernst Pfeffer had made the same request a year and a half earlier and was admitted.^[7] After Kristallnacht (9-10 November 1938), Pfeffer came to the Netherlands. He wanted to go to Chile to work as a horse breeder. In June 1939 minister Goseling rejected his request to be allowed to stay in the Netherlands while awaiting a decision on this. A marriage to Charlotte Kaletta could not be arranged in the Netherlands either, as a treaty from 1902 required permission from the German government.^[8] Pfeffer investigated the possibility of marrying in another country, but since he had not held a valid passport since January 1939, that was out of the question.

Otto Frank first met Pfeffer in the spring of 1940. At that time, Pfeffer was living with Otto's childhood friend Stephanie Schuster.^[9] Later he moved into a room on the Bernard Zweerskade.^[10] Despite the denial of residence in the Netherlands, Pfeffer did not leave. Nor was he deported. He worked in the dental practice of Samuel van der Hoeden. In the autumn of 1942, the situation became dangerous for him, as he did not have the relatively safe status of a mixed marriage. Through the mediation of Miep Gies, who was a patient with him, he was able to move into the Secret Annex. He told his landlady that he had to go to the hospital for a kidney complaint and disappeared. Through Miep, he kept in touch with Charlotte Kaletta.^[11]

After the arrest on 4 August 1944, Pfeffer ended up in Westerbork. He was transported to Auschwitz on 3 September 1944. A camp survivor later stated that Pfeffer had left Auschwitz with a transport consisting of dentists and dental technicians to Neuengamme. There Fritz Pfeffer died at the age of 55, according to the death certificate as a result of an intestinal infection.^[12]

Source personal data.^[13][14]

Footnotes

1. ^{^} Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SSA), Dienst Bevolkngsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart Fritz Pfeffer; Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, Ministerie van Justitie: Rijksvreemdelingendienst (RVD) en Taakvoorgangers, nummer toegang 2.09.45, inv. nr. 1031:  Fritz Pfeffer aan 'Comité de Proteccion a los Immigrantes Israelitas' in Santiago de Chile, 13 januari 1939.
2. ^{^} Schularchiv Landgraf-Ludwigs-Gymnasium, Gießen: Fritz Pfeffer, Zeugnis der Reife zum Besuch der Universität, 26 februari 1908.
3. ^{^} Universitätsarchiv, Universität Würzburg, Archiv des Rektorats (ARS), signatuurnrs. 4190, 4192, 4196 en 4198.
4. ^{^} Berliner Adreßbuch 1913. Unter Benutzung von Amtlicher Quellen, jaargangen 1913-1938 (http://adressbuch.zlb.de).
5. ^{^} Stadhuis Sopot, Polen, Archief Standesamt Zoppot, Huwelijksakten 1926, akte B 48, 30 april 1926; SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart Fritz Pfeffer; SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregiser, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart Vera H. Bythiner.
6. ^{^} The minutes of the General Medical Council (G.M.C. London) Volume 74 - 1937. Reports on Applications for Registration of Foreign dentists under the Dentists Act 1878, p. 239-242.
7. ^{^} The minutes of the General Medical Council (G.M.C. London) Volume 72 - 1935. Reports on Applications for Registration of Foreign dentists under the Dentists Act 1878, p. 245-251.
8. ^{^} "Het Duitsche Ariërhuwelijksverbod sluit een huwelijk in Nederland uit", Het Vaderland, 17 september 1935 (avondblad), p. 13.
9. ^{^} SAA, Gemeentepolitie Amsterdam (toegang 5225), inv. nr. 4046, Vreemdelingenkaart Fritz Pfeffer.
10. ^{^} Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Gemeentepolitie Amsterdam, inv. nr. 4046: Vreemdelingenkaart Fritz Pfeffer; SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart Fritz Pfeffer.
11. ^{^} Miep Gies & Alison Leslie Gold, Herinneringen aan Anne Frank. Het verhaal van Miep Gies, de steun en toeverlaat van de familie Frank in het Achterhuis, Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 1987.
12. ^{^} Gedenkstätte Neuengamme, "Häftlings-Toten-Nachweis", 17.12.1944-19.1.1945 (kopie: Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), reg. code A_Pfeffer_I_0150).
13. ^{^} SAA, Dienst Bevolkngsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart Fritz Pfeffer
14. ^{^} Literature: Menno Metselaar, "'He was all alone': Fritz Pfeffer, the roommate of Anne Frank", in  Anne Frank Magazine 1999, p. 44-49; ; Bernd Lindenthal, 'Fritz Pfeffer war der Zimmergenosse von Anne Frank: zur Erinnerung an der Zahnartz aus Gießen', in: Mittteilungen des Oberhessischen Geschichtsvereins, (2000) NF 85, p. 97-131; Nanda van der Zee, The roommate of Anne Frank, Soesterberg: Aspekt, 2003; Jürgen Dauernheim, 'Dr. Fritz Pfeffer aus Gießen: Anne Franks "Dr. Dussel": (eine Ergänzung)', in: Mitteilungen des Oberhessischen Geschichtsvereins, (2012) NF 97, p. 221-227; Aukje Vergeest, Anne Frank in the Secret Annexe: who was who?, Amsterdam: Anne Frank House, 2015.